浙江省南部地区畲族老年人群眼病流行病学调查研究

The research on epidemiological investigation and preventive measures of eye diseases in the elderly of the She nationality in southern Zhejiang

目的通过调查分析畲族老年人群眼病流行病学特点,提出预防对策以减少老年眼病发生。方法随机整群抽样法选取浙南地区畲族2019年1月~2019年6月≥60岁人群1584人为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查,接受眼压、视力等相关检查,统计眼病、眼盲及低视力发生率,并分析眼盲原因与白内障发生相关情况。结果1584人中白内障680人(42.93%),屈光不正475人(29.99%),眼底病253人(15.97%),不同年龄段白内障发生比例差异明显(P<0.05)。女性、有糖尿病史、高血压病史、户外工作者白内障比例均显著高于男性、无糖尿病史、无高血压病史、室内工作者(P<0.05);logistic回归分析显示:年龄大、性别(女)、有糖尿病史、户外工作是白内障患病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。单眼低视力、双眼低视力、单盲、双盲分别150例(9.47%)、105例(6.63%)、79例(4.99%)、42例(2.65%),且单眼低视力、双眼低视力、单盲、双盲发生率随着年龄段的增长而上升(P<0.05);致盲原因排在前二的是白内障(41.32%)、眼底病(28.10%)。结论畲族老年人群眼病以白内障为主,且其是致盲主要原因,需根据性别、年龄等针对性的干预,加强宣传教育,同时提高白内障手术数量及质量,以减少眼盲、低视力的发生。

Objective To propose preventive measures for reducing the incidence rate of eye diseases in the elderly of the She nationality through investigating the epidemiological characteristics of their eye diseases. Methods A total of 1,584 elderly people of the She nationality who were or older than 60 years old and lived in in South Zhejiang province during the period from January to June 2019 were selected as the subjects by the random cluster sampling method.A questionnaire survey was conducted and all of the subjects underwent eye pressure, visual acuity and other related examinations.The incidence rates of eye diseases, blindness and low vision were statistically analyzed.Causes of blindness and cataract related conditions were analyzed. Results Among the 1,584 people, 680 had cataract(42.93%), 475 had ametropia(29.99%), and 253 had fundus diseases(15.97%).There were significant differences in the incidence rate of cataract in different age groups(P<0.05).The incidence rates of cataract in females, people having history of diabetes or hypertension, and outdoor workers were significantly higher than those in males, people without history of diabetes or hypertension, and indoor workers(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender(female), history of diabetes, and outdoor work were independent risk factors for cataract(P<0.05);The numbers of people with low monocular vision, low binocular vision, uniocular blindness and binocular blindness were 150(9.47%), 105(6.63%), 79(4.99%), and 42(2.65%).Besides, the incidence rates of low monocular vision, low binocular vision, uniocular blindness and binocular blindness increased with age(P<0.05).The top two causes of blindness were cataract(41.32%)and fundus disease(28.10%). Conclusions The main eye disease of the elderly of the She nationality is cataract,and it is the main cause of blindness.It is necessary to carry out targeted intervention according to gender and age,strengthen publicity and education,and improve the frequency and quality of cataract surgery so as to reduce blindness and low vision.