水套炉低效运行原因与提效措施

Causes for inefficiency of water jacket heater and its improvement measures

针对胜利油田在用水套炉存在热效率低、过量空气系数大、负荷率低的问题,采用水套加热炉校核及调风计算程序,计算了负荷率、过量空气系数、污垢热阻与水套炉热效率的关系,反算了当前运行水套炉的污垢热阻。分析发现:负荷降低,散热损失增加、排烟热损失降低,两项总热损失变化不大,水套炉热效率受负荷率影响很小;过量空气系数增加,排烟温度随之增加,两因素共同作用,导致水套炉热效率快速降低;在运水套炉污垢热阻明显偏大,致使水套炉排烟温度、水浴温度明显高于理论计算值,导致水套炉热效率低下。提出水套炉提效的关键措施:及时清洗污垢、定期更换炉水、加装烟气分析仪、更换自动调节燃烧器。

Considering the low thermal efficiency,high excess air coefficient and low load rate of the in-service water jacket heater of Shengli Oilfield,the relationship of the load rate,excess air coefficient and fouling resistance with the thermal efficiency of the water jacket heater was calculated with the calibration and air-conditioning calculation software for water jacket heater,and on this basis,the fouling resistance of the in-service water jacket heater was calculated reversely.According to the calculation,the dissipation heat loss increases and the exhaust heat loss decreases with a decrease of load,but the total heat loss varies a little.So,the load rate has little effect on the thermal efficiency of water jacket heater.The exhaust temperature increases with a rise of excess air coefficient,and under the combined action of two factors,a considerable decrease in thermal efficiency of water jacket heater will be caused.The fouling resistance of the in-service water jacket heater increases obviously,which makes the exhaust temperature and water bath temperature significantly higher than the design values,further resulting in the decrease in thermal efficiency of water jacket heater.Thus,the key measures to improve the efficiency of water jacket heater are developed,including timely cleaning the fouling,replacing the boiler water regularly,installing flue gas analyzer,and replacing automatic regulating burner.