“间接”与“直接”:论“因材施教”的实现路径

“Indirect”and“Direct”:On the realization path of“teaching according to aptitude”

实现“因材施教”的“间接”路径可概括为“合格+”,实现“因材施教”的“直接”路径可概括为“优势+”,两种路径背后的理论基础迥异,而反映的思维方式确有“相通之处”。通过比较研究,两种路径在教育目的取向、教育实施过程与教育成才方式等层面均存在差异性,两种路径在理解与行动过程中也均存在片面理解与静态操作,亟需用关系思维来整合两种路径的优越性,给“因材施教”提出未来展望。

The“indirect”way to achieve“teaching in accordance with aptitude”can be summarized as“qualified+”,and the“direct”way to achieve“teaching in accordance with aptitude”can be summarized as“advantage+”.The theoretical basis behind the two paths is different,and the reflected way of thinking does have“similarities”.By comparative study of two paths in the education objective orientation,education process and education way up,there are differences.Two kinds of path in the process of understanding and action are all onesided understanding and static operation,which should be considered in relation to integrate the advantages of the two paths.Prospects for the future are put forward.