养分补偿对红壤退化地东魁杨梅果实内在品质的影响

Effects of Nutrient Compensation on the Fruit Quality of Myrica rubra cv.Dongkui in Eroded Red Soil

【目的】筛选最佳养分补偿配方,改善杨梅品质,提高我省贫瘠山地杨梅产业的经济效益。【方法】以福建省长汀县东魁杨梅(Myrica rubra cv.Dongkui)为试验材料,在了解当地栽培情况和林下土壤养分分析的基础上,对杨梅林进行施肥处理,并测定养分补偿后杨梅果实内在品质。【结果】养分补偿可提高杨梅果实中可溶性固形物、总糖、蛋白质、维生素C、钾、钙的含量,显著降低果实中总酸含量,但对提高果实中还原糖含量无显著影响。施硫酸钾型复合肥对提高杨梅果实中可溶性固形物、总糖、蛋白质含量效果最佳,分别比对照提高了16.2%、26%、33.3%,其降低果实中总酸含量的效果最显著,总酸含量比不施肥降低32.2%;施磷肥对提高杨梅果实中维生素C含量的效果最佳,分别比不施肥提高了19.9%;施菌肥+磷肥对提高杨梅果实中钾、钙元素含量的效果最佳,分别比不施肥提高了28.1%、53.3%。【结论】不同养分补偿方式均可以提高杨梅果实品质,其中以硫酸钾型复合肥的综合效果最显著。

【Objective】In order to improve the economic benefits of bayberry industry in barren mountain areas of Fujian province,the optimum ingredient of nutrient compensation were selected to improve the quality of bayberry in this study.【Method】Based on the investigation of cultivated situation and the analysis of soil nutrient,Myrica rubra cv.Dongkui in Changting county were nutrient compensated,and then the fruit quality was tested.【Result】Compared with non-fertilization,nutrient compensation could increase the content of soluble solids,total sugar,protein,vitamin C,potassium,and calcium in the fruit of M.rubra,and significantly reduce the total acid content,while could not obviously increase the content of reducing sugar in the fruit.Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was the best fertilizer for im-proving the content of fruit soluble solids,total sugar,and protein of M.rubra,which were increased by 16.2%,26%,and 33.3%,respectively.It was also the most effective fertilizer for reducing the total acid content of M.rubra,which was decreased by 32.2%.Phosphorus fertilizer was the best fertilizer for im-proving fruit vitamin C content in M.rubra,which were increased by 19.9%.The mixed fertilizer of mi-crobe and phosphate was the best fertilizer for increasing the content of fruit potassium and calcium mineral elements of M.rubra,which were increased by 28.1%and 53.3%respectively.【Conclusion】All nutrient compensation methods in this study could improve the quality of M.rubra.The effect of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was the most remarkable.