眼动追踪视野下上海古典园林文化基因的刻画

A Study on the Cultural Gene of Shanghai Classic Gardens Based on Eye-Tracking

精准解读建成环境中的文化基因是地方文化传承的前提条件。以上海古典园林为例,甄选10个典型场景以及国内外两组共30位测试者,借助眼动追踪技术与实验,通过不同文化群体的审美共性与差异性,来揭示被关注的典型文化基因与要素。实验表明:其一,独特的建筑、花木、水景等景观要素获得两组测试群体共同的审美关注,这些要素对文化的传播与传承不可或缺;其二,主题性的场景与其文学性信息被国内测试群体注视的时间较长且次数较多,但未能唤起国外测试群体的关注与整体认知。进一步分析表明:园林场景中的文学性信息分布点与国内测试群体关注的兴趣区存在较高的耦合性,即拥有地方文化背景的测试群体的视觉认知偏好能在一定程度上刻画出地方性文化基因的载体要素与其存在形式--主题性场景。主题性场景不仅是构成上海古典园林的基本单元,也是其文化基因的重要表征。对比实验也表明,不同文化背景的测试群体审美习惯不一样:国内测试群体的视觉关注呈散点状,倾向于整体场景各要素的关系及其文化信息的认知;国外测试群体的关注点比较单一,更关注要素的物质美学信息。

Accurate interpretation of the cultural gene of the built environment is one of the fundamental requisites for the inheritance of the local culture.Taking Shanghai classic gardens as examples,this essay selects ten typical pictures of scenes and two groups of testees with Chinese and non-Chinese cultural background.With the help of eye-tracking technology,the experiment reveals the typical cultural genes and their elements that are concerned by different cultural groups through their aesthetic commonness and differences.It shows that there is a high coupling between the distribution points of literature information in garden scenes and the interest regions of domestic testees.That is,the visual cognitive preference of test groups with local cultural background can,to a certain extent,depict the carrier elements of local culture gene and its existence form-thematic scene.The thematic scene is not only the basic unit of Shanghai classical gardens,but also an important representation of its cultural gene.The comparative experiment also indicates that the aesthetic habits of testees from different cultural background are different:domestic testees tend to pay more attention to the relations of the elements of the overall scene and the cognition of cultural information with a scattered visual attention;the foreign testees focus on a relatively single point,that is,the material aesthetic information of the elements.