近代上海法租界外滩的形成与发展初探

A Preliminary Study on the Formation and Development of the French Bund in Modern Shanghai

1843年上海开埠后,英国驻沪领事依据与上海道商定的《上海租地章程》规定,对当时英租界内的原黄浦滩“纤道”予以保留,并在此基础上修筑拓展,形成“外滩”。随后法租界仿英租界的做法,将其境内从洋泾浜(今延安东路)至十六铺码头的原黄浦滩“纤道”修筑并扩充为“法外滩”。在上海法租界近百年的建设发展历程中,滨江大道法外滩拥有法租界内享誉盛名的宽阔林荫道,两侧的建筑和码头更是法租界自东向西建设发展的见证者。通过回顾和梳理19世纪下半叶至20世纪上半叶法租界外滩形成与发展的史实,分析法外滩区域的城市肌理以及沿滩重要建筑的案例,可以发现,法外滩的发展呈现出一种分码头区段的差异性特征。与外滩在城市绿化景观、天际线和建筑形式等诸多方面相比,法外滩体现了上海这座“海派”城市的另一番魅力及其独特的历史文化价值。

After the opening of Shanghai Port in 1843,the British Consul in Shanghai retained the original“towpath”along the beach of Huangpu River in the British Concession according to the Shanghai Land Regulation,and expanded it to the“Bund”.Following the practice of the British Concession,the French Consul constructed the original Huangpu River“towpath”from Pidgin(now East Yan’an Road)to Shiliupu Wharf into a“French Bund”.In the nearly 100 years of construction and development of the French Concession in Shanghai,the French Bund of Riverside Avenue is the representative of the famous broad boulevards in the French Concession,and the buildings and wharves on both sides are witnesses to the progress of the French Concession from east to west.This paper reviews and sorts out the historical facts of the formation and evolution of the French Bund from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century,and analyses the urban texture and important buildings along the French Bund area.It is pointed out the French Bund presents a difference characteristic of different wharf sections.Through the comparison with the Bund in terms of urban green landscape,skyline and architectural forms,another charm and historical culture value of the“Shanghai style”city embodied by the French Bund is deeply revealed.