2000-2015年豫西黄土丘陵区土地利用变化及景观生态风险评价

Land Use Change and Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment in Loess Hilly Region of Western Henan Province from 2000 to 2015

以豫西黄土丘陵区为研究对象,基于2000年、2010年和2015年的土地利用数据,通过土地利用面积空间变化、转移矩阵和土地利用动态度指标分析了2000—2015年豫西黄土丘陵区的土地利用动态变化特征。按照5 km×5 km格网将研究区划分为1069个生态风险评价单元,根据土地利用类型占比、景观脆弱指数及扰动指数构建生态风险指数,利用半变异函数和空间自相关等空间分析方法,开展豫西黄土丘陵区2000—2015年土地利用变化及景观生态风险空间分异特征评价。结果表明:豫西黄土丘陵区以林地、耕地为主,占研究总面积的83%以上,2000—2015年土地利用类型的转化强度也在不断增加,耕地、林地向建设用地转换最为明显;2000—2015年,景观生态风险整体呈现上升趋势,高生态风险区的基质景观类型以耕地为主;生态风险值的空间集聚形态主要以低—低集聚和高—高集聚为主,呈现低—低集聚区域增加、高—高集聚区域先增加后减少的趋势。

Based on the data of land use of 2000,2010 and 2015,we analyzed the characteristics of land use dynamic change in the loess hilly area of western Henan Province from 2000 to 2015 through the spatial change of land use area,transfer matrix.The study area is divided into 1069 ecological risk assessment units according to the 5 km×5 km grid.The ecological risk index was constructed by type proportion,landscape vulnerability index and disturbance index,and the spatial analysis methods of semi-variogram and spatial autocorrelation were used to evaluate the spatial differentiation characteristics of land use change and landscape ecological risk in the loess hilly area of western Henan Province from 2000 to 2015.In the loess hilly area of western Henan Province,woodland and cultivated land were the main types,accounting for more than 83%of the total research area.From 2000 to 2015,the conversion intensity of land use types was also increasing,and the conversion from cultivated land and forest land to construction land was the most obvious.From 2000 to 2015,the overall landscape ecological risk was on the rise,and the matrix landscape types of high ecological risk areas were mainly cultivated land;with respect to the spatial concentration of ecological risk value,the main patterns were low—low agglomeration and high—high agglomeration,showing the trend of increasing low agglomeration area and decreasing high—high agglomeration area.