土地利用水平与景观生态风险的空间耦合——以十堰市为例

Spatial Coupling Between Land Use Level and Landscape Ecological Risk-Taking Shiyan City as an Example

借助GIS和GeoDA的技术平台,基于POI数据的加权核密度值探究十堰市2019年土地利用水平的空间分布格局;基于DEM,NDVI和土地利用类型数据构建自然与景观互补的景观生态风险评价模型;在此基础上借助双变量全局自相关模型,定量分析了其土地利用水平与景观生态风险的空间耦合关系。结果表明:(1)十堰市土地利用评价水平整体偏低,其中高、较高、较低和低等土地利用水平分别占总面积的2.5%,15.44%,58.92%和23.14%。呈现出以十堰市主城区为核心向周围递减,并在各县城心出现次高峰的空间分异规律,评价结果基本吻合其“东拓,西进、中优”的发展规划。(2)景观生态风险整体水平较低,其中高生态风险区主要分布在主城区以及移民重镇均县,占总面积的2.44%;较高生态风险区则主要分布在主城区的城郊地带、各县域城区以及竹溪、竹山和房县南部的中低山林牧区,占17.22%;较低和低生态风险区的分布范围广,共占80.34%。(3)十堰市土地利用水平和景观生态风险存在正向的空间关联性,高值聚集区主要分布在城镇密集发展区;低值集聚区主要分布在郧西中部人与自然低水平和谐的区域;高低值集聚区主要分布在生态旅游发展区;低高值的集聚区主要分布在十堰市南部经济落后,人地矛盾突出的中低山林牧区。研究结果可为十堰市土地利用水平的提高与景观生态的协调可持续发展提供理论支持。

With the help of GIS and GeoDA technology platforms,based on the weighted kernel density values of POI data,we explored the spatial distribution pattern of land use levels in Shiyan City in 2019,and built a landscape ecological risk assessment model that complements nature and landscape based on DEM,NDVI and land use type data.Based on this,the spatial coupling relationship between the land use level and the ecological risk of the landscape was quantitatively analyzed with the help of a bivariate global autocorrelation model.The results show that:(1)the overall level of land use evaluation in Shiyan City was low,with high,higher,lower,and lower land use levels accounting for 2.5%,15.44%,58.92%,and 23.14%of the total area,respectively;it presented a spatial differentiation rule that took the main urban area of Shiyan City as the core and decreases to the surroundings,and there were sub-peaks in the center of each county;the evaluation results basically agreed with its development plan of‘East Extension,Westward Advance,and Mid-Excellent’;(2)the overall level of landscape ecological risks was relatively low;the high ecological risk areas mainly distributed in the main urban area and the resettlement towns and counties,which accounted for 2.44%of the total area;the higher ecological risk areas mainly distributed in the suburban areas of the main urban area,various county-level urban areas,and Zhuxi,Zhushan and Fangxian in the middle and low mountain forest and pastoral areas,accounting for 17.22%;lower and low ecological risk areas widely distributed,accounting for 80.34%;(3)there was a positive spatial correlation between land use levels and landscape ecological risks in Shiyan City;the high-value clusters mainly distributed in urban dense development areas;the low-value clusters mainly distributed in areas with low levels of harmony between humans and nature in central Luxi;high and low value agglomeration areas mainly distributed in eco-tourism development areas;low and high value agglomeration areas were mainly located in the middle and low mountain forest and pastoral areas in the south of Shiyan City,where the economy was backward and human-land conflicts were prominent.These research results can provide theoretical support for the improvement of land use level and the coordinated and sustainable development of landscape ecology in Shiyan City.