基于改进2SFCA上海中心城区医疗设施可达性研究

On the Accessibility of Medical Facilities in the Central Area of Shanghai Using Improved 2SFCA

医疗设施可达性是反映大众能否获得医疗资源的重要指标。通过引入幂函数距离衰减函数,改进了研究公共设施可达性中常用的两步移动搜索法(2SFCA)模型,结合地理信息系统技术的应用,以上海中心城区为研究对象,考虑人口规模特征因素,对不同级别医疗设施的空间可达性进行了评价分析,研究结果表明:①改进2SFCA模型不但验证了上海中心城区内环内地区对于医疗设施的高可达性,还增强识别了医疗设施分布的集中区域和相对薄弱区域;②在各级医疗设施中,服务中心和服务站受制于医疗资源和服务范围,居民点对社区医疗机构的可达性程度低于综合医院;③上海中心城区医疗设施空间可达性呈现内环内区域高,中外环之间区域低,过渡地区有离散的高可达性居民点分布。通过该研究可为城市医疗资源的规划和合理布局提供参考依据。

The accessibilily of medical facilities is an important indicator to reflect whether the public can obtain medical resources.This article takes Shanghai central urban area as the research object and adds the power function to improve the two-step floating catchment area method commonly used in the study of the accessibility of public facilities.Analysis of spatial accessibility of different levels of medical facilities is developed based on the factors of population scale with the combination of the technology of GIS.Results show that:①The improved 2SFCA not only validates the high accessibility area of medical facilities,but also seriously identifies other hot spots and finds out the underserved areas of medical facilities;②In all levels of medical facilities,service centers and service stations are limited to the factors of medical resources and service scope,and the accessibility of residential areas to community medical institutions is lower than that of general hospitals;③The spatial accessibility of medical facilities in central urban area of Shanghai is high in the inner ring,and low between the middle and outer ring.Discrete hot spots of accessibility are distributed in the transition area.This research can provide a reference for the planning and rational distribution of urban medical resources.