试论两京地区出土的唐代建筑琉璃

On the Glazed Architectural Pottery Unearthed in the Tang Dynasty Capitals Chang’an and Luoyang

建筑琉璃是低温釉陶类的建筑材料。唐代社会的经济发展与繁荣稳定,促使两京地区的建筑琉璃以唐三彩技术为依托得到了广泛应用。唐代建筑琉璃多分布于皇家宫廷建筑,高等级宗教建筑及部分唐三彩窑址,反映出建筑琉璃仅在特定区域生产并以此实现区分社会阶级的功能,应用于多种宗教建筑及商业用途亦体现其性质的多样性。唐代建筑琉璃的工艺与管理体系可能源于北魏至北朝末期的釉陶瓦生产,为北宋时期政府直接管理建筑琉璃的生产及使用奠定了基础。

Glazed architectural pottery is a glazed building material made at a low temperature.It was widely used in the capitals Chang’an and Luo yang of the Tang dynasty.Glazed architectural pottery is often found in palace buildings,high status religious buildings and some kiln sites which produced tri-colored pottery.This suggests Glazed architectural pottery was mainly used to distinguish social classes.The manufacturing techniques and management system of Tang glazed architectural pottery may have rooted in the production of glazed tiles during the period from Northern Wei to the late Northern Dynasties,and that laid a foundation for the government to take over its production and use in the Song dynasty.