恩格斯城市生态学思想及其当代启示——基于对恩格斯《英国工人阶级状况》的分析

Engels’Urban Ecological Thought and Its Enlightenment:An Interpretation of Engels’The Condition of the Working Class in England

恩格斯早期重要著作《英国工人阶级状况》,不仅描述了英国工业城市兴起的历史过程,展现了工业生产方式发展所带来的一系列社会生态变革;同时说明了英国工业城市的伪善与压迫特征,刻画了以自然生态环境恶化与工人阶级贫困为主要表现形式的城市生态危机;更剖析了城市生态问题的政治经济根源,揭示了资本主义生产方式与社会制度的内在矛盾与变革前景,从而完成了对现代城市生态关系的历史生成、空间结构、危机隐患和发展趋势的深刻分析,呈现出丰富的城市生态学思想。恩格斯的城市生态学思想为今天解决城市生态问题、推进城市生态文明建设提供了重要的启示,即必须充分关注社会公平正义,坚持推进人与自然和谐共生,构建生态可持续性与社会公平正义双向促进的新型城市化发展模式。

In his early but significant work The Condition of the Working Class in England,Engels not only describes the historical process of the rise of British industrial cities and presents a series of social and ecological changes brought by industrial production and its development,but also explains the characteristics of hypocrisy and oppression in British industrial cities and depicts the urban ecological crisis with the deterioration of the natural ecological environment and working-class poverty.Furthermore,Engels analyzes the political and economic causes of urban ecological problems and reveals the inherent contradictions and prospect for change in the capitalist mode of production and social system.As a result,Engels completes an in-depth analysis of the historical generation,spatial structure,potential crisis,a development trends of modern urban ecological relationships,and expresses a colorful urban ecological thought.Engels’urban ecological thought is conducive to coping with present urban ecological issues and propelling the construction of urban ecological civilization,during which we should pay full attention to social fairness and justice,insist on promoting the harmonious co-existence between human and nature,and build a new urbanization mode that promotes both ecological sustainability and social justice.