基于“3S”技术的地质灾害监测预警系统在我国应用现状

Review on geological disaster monitoring and early warning system based on“3S”technology in China

中国具有地质构造复杂,地貌类型多样,山区面积比例高等特点。近年来,在全球气候变化背景下,大量重大工程建设、不合理的资源开发和人类活动,导致各类地质灾害频发,严重影响了民生改善和小康社会建设进程,为地质灾害风险管控带来了挑战。开展地质灾害监测预警研究,能够为灾害风险管控、监测预警、防治减灾工作提供重要的科学依据。本文由中国地质灾害监测预警研究入手,着重分析讨论了我国地质灾害发育概况、监测预警既有成果和研究现状。然后从地质灾害监测预警的主要内容、主要技术方法和主要监测预警模型的发展和现状三个方面,讨论了“3S”技术在地质灾害监测预警中的研究现状和实践应用;最后详细讨论了目前基于“3S”技术的地质灾害监测预警平台在三峡库区和国家防灾减灾工作中的应用情况。本文最终结论认为,“3S”技术的地质灾害监测预警系统在各行业防灾减灾工作中的应用已日趋成熟,未来的地质灾害监测预警系统将以“3S”技术为基础,集观测、研究、风险评估、预报预警、预防治理为一体,有机结合各相关学科和大数据、人工智能、互联网+技术,通过对地质灾害的过程进行仿真模拟,分析诱发灾害的因素和发生强度,提高地质灾害预报的时间、地点、发生强度的准确性。

China is characterized by complex geological structure,diverse landform types,and a high proportion of mountainous areas.In recent years,under the background of global climate change,a large number of major engineering constructions,unreasonable resource development and human activities have led to frequent occurrences of various geological disasters,which have seriously affected the improvement of people’s livelihood and the construction of a well-off society,and brought about geological disaster risk management and control.Carrying out geological disaster monitoring and early warning research can provide important scientific basis for disaster risk management and control,monitoring and early warning,disaster prevention and mitigation.This article starts with the research on monitoring and early warning of geological disasters in China,focusing on analyzing and discussing the general situation of the development of geological hazards in my country,the existing results of monitoring and early warning and the current research status.Then this article discusses the current research status and practical application of“3S”technology in the monitoring and early warning of geological disasters from the three aspects of the main content,main technical methods,and the development and current status of the main monitoring and early warning models of geological disasters;finally,the application of the current geological disaster monitoring and early warning platform based on“3S”technology in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the national disaster prevention and mitigation work is discussed in detail.The final conclusion of this article is that the application of geological disaster monitoring and early warning systems based on“3S”technology in disaster prevention and mitigation in various industries in China has become increasingly mature.The future geological disaster monitoring and early warning system will be based on“3S”technology,integrating observation,research,risk assessment,forecasting and early warning,prevention and management,and organically combining various related disciplines with big data,artificial intelligence,and internet+technology;by simulating the process of geological disasters,analyzing the factors and intensity of inducing disasters,improving the accuracy of the time,location and intensity of geological disaster forecasting.