高铁列车技术创新演进研究:中日两国的对比

The Evolution Research of Bullet Train Technologic Innovation:Comparative View of China and Japan

本文选择代表全球高铁产业创新能力的日本和中国这两个国家,分别绘制自1964年以来不同技术平台上日本和中国的高铁列车谱系图,对比中日两国高铁谱系图中技术路径的异同;在此基础上,进一步从技术要素和专利这两个维度,以演进视角分别对中日两国高铁的技术创新和技术开发过程进行研究。得出以下结论:中国高铁虽然和日本高铁有一定的技术同源性,但技术特征、开发路径和发展历程有很大差异性,代表未来发展的技术专利体现出中国对重点技术领域如弓网关系、轮轨关系等专利量所占比重并不高,未来中国高铁列车的技术创新应基于自主创新,聚焦重点技术领域的创新。当今地区贸易保护主义和国际贸易争端日趋增多,从高铁列车核心技术和产品演进的视角探讨高铁的技术创新,对中国诸多产业的技术创新也具有重要意义。

In this paper,Japan and China are selected as the typical countries to draw the rail dendrograms separately on the different technology platforms since 1964,comparing the technology trajectory.Further,technology elements and patents are then introduced to analyze the rail technology exploitation course.We find that bullet train technical homology presents between China and Japan to a certain extent,whereas the discrepancy exists in the aspect of technical characteristics,development path and history.The share of priority technical fields is still on the low side according to the rail technical patent data in China,such as pantograph-catenary and wheel-rail relation.In conclusion,independent innovation of bullet train should be accelerated and be focused on the priority areas.Accompanied with progressively protectionism and international trade disputes,it is necessary for industrial upgrading to discuss the bullet train technology innovation from the perspective of core technologies and product evolution.