景观基因组学的研究进展及其在害虫综合治理中的应用

Advances in landscape genomics and its application in integrated pest management

随着测序技术和生物信息学的快速发展,昆虫基因组学及其相关研究成果与日俱增。把农田景观要素嵌入基因组结构、适应性遗传变异和基因功能的研究,揭示在特定景观背景下害虫适应性和致害性的分子机理,是景观基因组学与害虫治理研究的新领域。景观基因组学是景观生态学与种群基因组学的交叉学科,旨在探究生物对所处环境适应性的遗传基础;研究重点是在环境因子的选择作用下,考察和分析物种的适应性进化及群体之间的基因流和遗传漂变;研究方法可以概括为空间采样策略的设计、分子标记的使用、数据的采集与分析。本文概述了景观基因组学的研究现状,包括近年来的主要研究发现和成果,并进一步阐述了景观基因组学在昆虫抗药性治理、保护性生物防控、全球气候变化背景下的害虫综合治理等方面的应用及前景,旨在促进更加有效地开展可持续的害虫综合治理,减少化学农药的使用,促进作物安全生产。

The recent development of novel sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has greatly facilitated the fundamental and applied studies on insect genomes with the steady increase of accomplishments.Studies that integrate variables of agricultural landscape with the genomic structure,genetically adaptive variation,and gene functions aid in better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the adaptability and infestation of a target pest in a specific landscape framework,providing new thoughts and directions for pest management.Landscape genomics is an interdisciplinary subject combining landscape ecology with population genomics and aims to examine the genetic basis of adaptation of a given species to changing environments.Landscape genomics mainly focus on the investigation and analysis of adaptive evolution in species as well as gene flow and genetic drift among populations that are under environment-associated selection.The research methodology of landscape genomics can be generalized as the design of spatial sampling strategy,utilization of molecular markers,and data collection and analysis.In this article we reviewed the research status of landscape genomics including the major findings and achievements in recent years.Further,we elaborated the application and prospects of landscape genomics in the aspects of insecticide resistance management,conservation biological control,and integrated pest management in the context of global climate change,with the ultimate goal of reducing the use of insecticides and promoting the safe production of crops.