闻喜千斤耙采矿遗址及相关问题探讨

The Qianjinpa Mining Site at Wenxi County and Related Issues

闻喜千斤耙采矿遗址是近年考古领域的重要发现,为研究早期冶金考古、探索夏商王朝铜料来源提供了重要资料。本文分析了千斤耙采矿遗址的年代和文化因素,认为千斤耙遗址可能在龙山时期就存在采矿活动,二里头及二里岗文化时期的采矿活动较为兴盛。笔者以青铜器生产链为背景,探讨了早期采矿遗址的组织生产模式及其与冶铜遗址的关系,简要分析了二里头至二里岗文化时期向中心聚落输送铜料的路线变化,论述了战国时期矿冶生产形态可能存在的变化。本文认为,夏商时期发生在中条山地区的采矿活动属官方行为,背后蕴含着复杂的社会分工和与之匹配的行政组织。战国时期,冶炼活动可能在矿山进行,这与夏商时期的采、冶分离存在明显差异。

The Qianjinpa mining site found at Wenxi is a major archaeological discovery in recent years.It provided important information for the study of archaeometallurgy of the early period in China and for the investigation of the copper raw material used in bronze production in the Xia,Shang,and Zhou dynasties.This paper focused on the period of mining at Qianjinpa and related cultural factors.It was argued that the mining activity had most probably existed in the Longshan Period and was prosperous during the Erlitou and Erligang periods.The author,following the chain operation of the bronze production,discussed the model of how labour and management were organized during the early stage of mining and how it related to the smelting site.A further brief discussion took place about the changes of the routes used to transport the copper raw material to the central settlement during the Erlitou and Erligang periods.The possible changes of mining and smelting in the following Warring States period were also demonstrated.This paper argued that the mining activity in the Zhongtiaoshan area during the Xia and Shang dynasties was controlled by the government using complicated social and labour divisions as well as matched administrative management system.The smelting activity most probably happened in the mining mountain during the Warring States period rather than being separated from the mining process as it had been in the Xia and Shang dynasties.