花生种质农艺、产量和品质性状的综合评价

Evaluation on Agronomic,Yield and Quality Traits of Peanut Germplasm

为了科学评价和利用花生种质资源,培育花生新品种,本研究以81份来源于不同地区的花生种质为材料,对其农艺性状、产量性状和品质性状等17个性状指标进行变异性、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。结果表明,变异系数最大的是单株产量和花生酸含量,变异系数为0.47;油脂含量变异系数最小,变异系数为0.04。相关性分析表明,主茎长与第一侧枝长、主茎节数,分枝数与单株结果数和单株产量呈极显著正相关;百果质量、百粒质量、单株产量与亚油酸含量、棕榈酸含量、花生酸含量呈极显著正相关,与油酸含量、二十四烷酸含量和山嵛酸含量呈极显著负相关;油脂含量与棕榈酸含量呈极显著正相关,与蛋白含量、油酸含量和总氨基酸含量呈极显著负相关。主成分分析结果表明,将17个性状指标综合为5个主成分,累计贡献率81.698%。聚类分析表明,81份花生种质可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、ⅢA和ⅢB四类,分别包含15(18.52%)、21(25.93%)、36(44.44%)和9(11.11%)个花生种质,各具有高蛋白、高油酸、高油酸和高产、高脂肪酸和较低产的特点。该研究为花生育种提供了参考依据。

In this study,variability,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis were employed to scientifically evaluate peanut germplasm resources and improve peanut varieties on agronomic,yield and quality traits through 81 peanut germplasm materials.The results of variation analysis showed that variations of yield per plant and arachidic acid content were 0.47,which were the largest.Variations of oil content was 0.04,which was the smallest.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation among main stem length,length of the first lateral branch and number of main stem nodes.Number of branches was significantly positively correlated with number of pods per plant and yield per plant.100-pod mass,100-kenel mass and yield per plant were extremely significantly positively correlated with linoleic acid content,palmitic acid content and arachidic acid content,and were extremely significantly negatively correlated with oleic acid content,tetracosanoic acid content,and behenic acid content.Oil content was significantly positively correlated with palmitic acid content,and significantly negatively correlated with protein content,oleic acid content and total amino acid content.According to the principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of five principal components were 81.698%.Cluster analysis showed that 81 peanut germplasm could be divided into four categories:Ⅰ,Ⅱ,ⅢA and ⅢB,including 15(18.52%),21(25.93%),36(44.44%)and 9(11.11%)peanut germplasm,which had the characteristics of high protein,high oleic acid,high oleic acid and high yield,high fatty acid and low yield,respectively.This study provided reference for the peanut improvement breeding.