海德格尔是一个现代虚无主义者吗?——基于约纳斯对《存在与时间》中的“瞬间”概念考察

Is Heidegger a Modern Nihilist?:A Study Based on Hans Jonas Analysis of the Concept of Moment in Being and Time

海德格尔与诺斯替主义之间的牵涉关联是学界颇受争议的一段公案。汉斯·约纳斯发现,在《存在与时间》中,瞬间始终在本真将来与本真曾是的关联中出场,并未显现为独立的环节,同时它在实存论上的实践内容为空。由此出发,约纳斯将海德格尔的实存论视为诺斯替主义的现代对应项,甚至是现代虚无主义产生的根源。就此而言,以克服现代虚无主义为己任的海德格尔竟会走向自己的对立面。这里旨在阐明:在约纳斯看来,海德格尔的瞬间思想与现代虚无主义呈现何种内在关联;另一方面,围绕抛者或永恒的离场、瞬间之空性等问题,阐析约纳斯的上述论断是否公允准确。最后,由瞬间问题出发,管窥海德格尔的实存论与诺斯替主义乃至现代虚无主义之间的思想关联。

The relation between Heidegger and Gnosticism has been a controversial issue in Heideggerian scholarship.Based on Heidegger's interpretation of the concept of Moment(Augenblick)in Being and Time,Hans Jonas argues that“Moment”is wholly defined in terms of the relation to its authentic“future”and“past”and thus remains practically empty.From this point of view,Jonas regards Heidegger's existentialism as the modern counterpart of Gnosticism,which contributes to the crisis of modern nihilism.While having strived to overcome the crisis of modern nihilism,Heidegger is in that sense contrarily against himself.This paper examines the immanent relation between Heidegger's concept of Moment and modern nihilism under Jonas philosophical analysis of Gnosticism.On the other hand,around the issues of the absence of the thrower or the eternal being,as well as the emptiness of Moment,this paper also aims to clarify whether Jonas arguments are fair and to the point.From the perspective of Heidegger's concept of Moment,this paper finally explores the philosophical relationship among Heidegger's existentialism,Gnosticism and modern nihilism.