卢梭式人民政治及其内在结构

Rousseauian Politics of People and its Internal Structure

尽管卢梭政法理论中的人民议题逐渐开始复兴,但既有研究却存在诸多缺陷和误解,尤其是对人民与政府之间的关系缺乏深入探讨。在此背景下,本文从人民共同体的创生入手讨论人民如何成为一个整体,人民的可见性何以成为难题。进而分析政府在根本上是一种自我限定的法权结构,选举贵族制作为一种法治政府的意义,以及最高执政官在执行法律时的决定性作用。总之,人民既是生生不息的永恒意志,又是以法律方式所确定的集体行动方式。真正让人民长存不灭的并不是人民的肉身,而是人民在法律上的展现形式。

Although the issue of people in Rousseau's political and legal theory has gradually begun to revive,there are many flaws and misunderstandings in the existing research,especially the lack of in-depth discussion on the relationship between the people and the government.In this context,this article starts with the creation of the people's community to discuss how the people become a whole and why the visibility of the people becomes a problem.Furthermore,it holds that the government is fundamentally a self-limited legal structure,and reveals the significance of electing aristocracy as a government under the rule of law,and the decisive role of the supreme magistrate in implementing the law.In short,the people are not only a general will,but also a collective action pattern determined by the law.It is not the body of the people that really keeps the people alive,but the way they are displayed in the law.