关于贵州为水稻次生起源中心的讨论

Discussion on Guizhou as the Secondary Origin Center of Rice

在水稻起源的学术讨论中,水稻起源地有多种说法。各种说法都有一定的材料和证据来说明其地与水稻起源的关系。贵州为云贵高原的重要组成部分,在水稻起源于云贵高原学说的背景下,贵州是否为水稻的起源中心?通过对各种水稻起源学说证据材料的梳理和比较,就目前贵州出土的考古材料以及文献来看,还无法支持贵州为水稻起源中心的结论。然而,这些材料与证据却可以充分说明,贵州为水稻次生起源中心是无疑的。至于为什么无法找出更多水稻种植的考古遗迹或文献,这可能跟贵州的生态环境和历史发展进程有关。贵州山地占全省面积的97%,平地仅占3%。在远古时代,农业技术比较落后的贵州,水稻种植面积无法扩大,没有稳定的粮食收入,人口也就无法增加。古代贵州历史发展受到地域因素限制非常明显,但水稻种植却是较早的地区之一。

In the academic discussion,there are many theories about the origin of rice.All of these boast certain materials and evidence to explain the relationship between the land and the origin of rice.Guizhou,an important part of the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau,has been thought to be the origin center of rice,according to the theory that rice originated from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau.Based on the analysis and comparison of various theories about rice origin,the conclusion that Guizhou is the origin center of rice cannot be supported by the archaeological materials and literatures unearthed in Guizhou.However,these materials and evidence can fully indicate that Guizhou is undoubtedly the secondary origin center of rice.As for why it is impossible to find out more archaeological remains or documents of rice cultivation,it may be related to the ecological environment and historical development process of Guizhou.In Guizhou,mountainous area accounts for 97 percent of the whole province,while flatland accounts for only 3%.In ancient times,with backward agricultural technology,rice planting area could not be expanded in Guizhou,and without stable food income,the population could not be increased.The historical development of ancient Guizhou was obviously restricted by regional factors,but it is one of the provinces with earlier rice cultivation.