明代大同镇屯田发展研究

Research on the Development of Military Cultivation in Datong Town in Ming Dynasty

大同镇是明代建设的军事重镇,在保卫京师、山西等内地发挥着重要的作用。明代为解决“九边”军镇的粮食供给问题,开展屯田建设活动。洪武二十五年,大同镇开始大规模的屯田建设,洪武永乐时期发展兴盛,屯粮收益较好,是粮饷的重要来源。宣德年间开始,大同镇的屯田建设开始衰落,屯地被侵占、屯丁逃亡、屯粮减少等情况不断出现。明代政策制度的不合理性、明蒙关系变化、农业生产环境的变化,三者共同作用导致大同镇屯田衰落。

Datong Town was an important military town built in Ming Dynasty.It played an important role in defending the capital,Shanxi and other inland areas.In Ming Dynasty,in order to solve the food supply problem of military towns at"Nine Frontiers",the construction activities for military cultivation were carried out.In the 25th year of Hongwu period,Datong Town began a large-scale military cultivation.During Yongle and Hongwu periods,it flourished and witnessed good harvest,which was an important source of grain expenses.During the Xuande period(1426-1435),the military cultivation in Datong Town began to decline.Such situations as the occupation of military farmland,the fleeing of soldiers,and the reduction of grain harvest continued to appear.The irrationality of the policy system in Ming Dynasty,the changes of relationship between Ming and Mongolia,and the changes in the agricultural production environment all contributed to the decline of the military cultivation in Datong Town.