秦汉时期的猪文化景观

The Landscape of Pig Culture in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉时期官民养猪现象极为普遍,官方场域包括京师宫苑、郡县乡亭到边关烽燧等。这是《仓律》条目秦汉相沿制度使然,满足了各级官府祭祀、食用、娱乐和手工业之需等用途。因此之故,秦汉时人每见以猪为名者,又在时俗禁忌、符瑞厌胜等方面创造出许多独特的文化景观。《汉书·王莽传》所载“洿其宫而猪焉”事件,即是王莽比照《礼记》邾娄定公故事,听取建议参照秦汉猪圈格局荡平、污涂刘崇宫室,这一方案既满足尊经需要,又满足报复泄愤快感,因此成为汉唐之间处理重大反叛的经典参照。

During Qin and Han dynasties,it was very common for officials and civilians to raise pigs,and the official fields included imperial palace,the security points in counties and towns,and the beacon towers in border areas.This was the result of the Warehouse Law,which met the needs of government at all levels for sacrifice,food,entertainment and handicraft industry.In Qin and Han dynasties,some people were named after pigs,and many unique cultural landscapes were created in terms of auspicious picking and disaster avoiding.The event of"Emperor Ding of Zhulou Sate Destroying Enemy’s Palace and Comparing It to Pigsty"recorded in Biography of Wang Mang in Han Dynasty described the story that Wangmang followed the emperor recorded in Book of Rites and listened to the suggestion of leveling and smearing Liu Chong’s palace with reference to the pigsty pattern in Qin and Han dynasties.This scheme not only met the needs of respecting Confucian classics,but also satisfied the pleasure of revenge,ending up as a classic reference for dealing with major rebellions between Han and Tang dynasties.