土地配置制度创新与工业全要素生产率:基于合成控制法的评估

Innovation of Land Allocation System and TFP of Industrial Enterprises:Evaluation Based on Synthetic Control Method

在土地资源约束日益趋紧的现实下优化土地资源配置、最大化土地利用效率对高质量发展至关重要,也是地方政府制度创新的着力点。本文以浙江"亩均论英雄"改革作为准自然实验,通过合成控制法评估土地资源配置制度创新对工业全要素生产率的影响及其内在机制。研究发现:第一,通过"亩均论英雄"的政策设计,地方政府在制度创新上展开"逐顶竞争",这个"趋好的竞争"来自于资源要素差别化配置、全面科学的考核体系、财权事权进一步匹配构成的复合型强激励策略;第二,通过这个政策设计,地方政府从"以地谋发展"转向生产率和创新驱动的新发展模式,但仍然保留了土地对GDP和财政收入增长的工具性,体现出在土地制度和财税体制联动改革没有完成的前提下地方政府行为的理性逻辑;第三,"亩均论英雄"改革将资源要素的差别化配置与"亩产效益"结合,显著提升了工业全要素生产率,这种促进作用主要通过纠正土地资源错配、提升土地利用效率以及倒逼企业创新等途径实现。

In the fact that land resources become increasingly scarce,it is important to optimize the allocation of land resources and maximize the efficiency of land use in order to strive for high-quality development,which is exactly the focus of local government system innovation.The"Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism"reform in Zhejiang province is considered as a quasi-natural experiment in this paper and the Synthetic Control Method is used to evaluate the impact of land resource allocation optimization on TFP of Industrial Enterprises and its internal mechanism.The findings are as follows.Firstly,through the"Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism"reform,a"better competition"that local governments"race to up"in the system innovation comes from the compound strong incentive strategy composed of differentiated allocation of resource elements,a more comprehensive and reasonable evaluation system and the match of administrative responsibilities and the financial power.Secondly,local governments have shifted from"land-driven development"mode to a new development model driven by productivity and innovation but still treat the land as an instrument of the growth of GDP and fiscal revenue,which is a rational decision for them under the condition that the reform of the land system and the fiscal and taxation system has not been completed.Thirdly,the"AreaBased Evaluation Mechanism"reform combines the differential allocation of element resource with the"Area-Based Benefits"and significantly improves the TFP of Industrial Enterprises.The mechanisms of this reform are the optimizing of land resource allocation,improving of land use efficiency and forcing companies to increase the input of innovation.This study provides empirical evidence of"We must see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation,the government plays its role better,and promote to integrate of Effective Government and Efficient Market"in the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19 th Central Committee of the CPC.