云南地方茶树种质资源生化成分多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Biochemical Components of Local Tea Germplasm Resources in Yunnan

以51份云南地方茶树种质资源为试验材料,对其生化成分遗传多样性进行分析与比较,结果表明:51份云南地方茶树种质资源的主要生化成分之间表现出了不同程度的变异,变异系数2.34%~15.92%;基于茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物的聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离为20处聚为3类,第Ⅰ类群氨基酸含量较高,第Ⅱ类群具有较高的水浸出物和高茶多酚含量,第Ⅲ类群表现出咖啡碱含量较低。云南地方茶树资源的儿茶素组分有较大的变异区间,变异系数为13.1%~60.2%;基于儿茶素类及没食子酸含量的聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离为20处聚为2类,第Ⅰ类群的儿茶素总量及GA、D,L-C、EGCG、EC、ECG含量都高,EGC含量较低,第Ⅱ类群表现为儿茶素总量、EGC含量和ECG含量都较低。在51份云南地方茶树种质材料中,有5份材料红绿茶皆适制,有46份材料适制绿茶。

The genetic diversity of biochemical components of 51 Yunnan local tea germplasm resources was analyzed and compared.The results showed that the main chemical components of the 51 Yunnan local tea germplasms showed varying degrees of variation,the coefficient of variation ranged from 2.34%to 14.92%.The results based on the cluster analysis of tea polyphenol,amino acid,caffeine and water extract showed that three groups were clustered at the genetic distance of 15,the amino acid content of groupⅠwas higher,groupⅡhad higher content of water extract and tea polyphenols,groupⅢhad lower content of caffeine.There was a large variation range of catechins in Yunnan local tea resources,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 13.1%to 60.2%.The results of cluster analysis based on the content of catechins and gallic acid showed that 2 types were classified at the genetic distance of 20.The total content of catechins and the contents of GA,D,L-C,EGCG,EC and ECG in groupⅠwere higher,while EGC content was low.The total content of catechins and the contents of EGC and ECG were lower in groupⅡ.Among the 51 local tea germplasms in Yunnan,5 were suitable for making black tea and green tea,and 46 were suitable for green tea production.