农户特征、外部环境与科学施肥

Farmers'Characteristics,External Environment&Scientific Fertilization

构建农户科学施肥行为的分析框架,基于全国17个省596户花生种植户的调查数据,运用双变量Probit模型进行实证分析,揭示农户特征、外部环境对农户科学施肥行为的作用机理。结果表明:农户特征及市场环境对农户科学施肥行为存在显著影响,农户特征及市场环境能够决定的科学施肥行为适用市场主导、自下而上的“拉动”模式,与这种影响路径匹配的是经营性运行机制;政策环境对农户科学施肥行为存在显著影响,需要通过政策引导诱使农户产生的科学施肥行为适用政府主导、自上而下的“推动”模式,与这种影响路径匹配的是公益性运行机制;文化程度、种植规模和种植经验是显著影响农户施用新型肥料产品和采纳新型施肥技术的共性因素。提出加强公益类农技推广系统的能力建设,健全平台化农业科技成果转化机制,维护和规范肥料市场秩序等政策建议。

Based on data from the questionnaires of 526 peanut farmers in 17 provinces,this study applied a bivariate Probit model for empirical analysis,revealed the influence mechanism of farmer characteristics and external environment on farmers'application behavior of scientific fertilization.The results show that,firstly,farmer characteristics and market environment have significant impact on farmers'application behavior of scientific fertilization.Scientific fertilization behavior determined by farmers'characteristics and market environment is suitable for a market-oriented and bottom-up“pull”model,therefore commercial operation mechanism matches with this influence pathway.Secondly,policy environments have significant impacts on farmers'application behavior of scientific fertilization.Scientific fertilization behavior determined by policy environment is suitable for a government-led and top-down“push”mode;therefore public operating mechanism matches with this influence path.Thirdly,farmer's education level,planting scale and farming experience common factors significantly affecting farmers'application behavior of new fertilizer products and adoption of new fertilization technology,that means a potential threshold for farmers to adopt new technologies and new products.Based on the research,this study proposes some policy recommendation:strengthening the capacity building for the extension system of public welfare agricultural technology,improving online platform-based transformation mechanism of agricultural scientific and technological achievements,and maintaining and standardizing fertilizer market order.