2014年、2019年部分低度近视青少年眼球生物学参数比较

Comparison of biological parameters of eyeball in some adolescents with low myopia diagnosed in 2014 and 2019

目的比较2014年、2019年部分低度近视青少年眼球生物学参数,了解低度近视青少年屈光发育特点,为近视的早期干预和控制提供新的依据。方法选取2014年进行塑形镜验配的低度近视(-3D<SE≤-0.75D)青少年检查者98例(98眼,A组),2019年进行塑形镜验配的低度近视青少年检查者101例(101眼,B组),比较两组等效球镜度(SE)、眼轴(AL)、角膜曲率(K)、曲率半径(CR)、轴率比(AL/CR)、眼压(IOP)、校正眼压(CIOP)、角膜厚度(CT)、角膜内皮计数、前房深度(ACD),分析两组各参数的相关性。结果 A组年龄(11.21±2.38)岁、SE(-1.91±0.62)D、AL(24.47±0.73)mm、K(42.86±1.31)D、CR(7.88±0.24)mm、AL/CR (3.11±0.62)、IOP(16.01±2.28)mmHg、CIOP(15.30±2.47)mmHg、CT(550.85±28.94)μm、角膜内皮计数(3120.98±239.32)个/mm2、ACD(3.21±0.23)mm,B组分别为(10.89±2.35)岁、(-1.94±0.58)D、(24.47±0.80)mm、(43.05±1.29)D、(7.85±0.24)mm、(3.11±0.62)、(17.17±2.61)mmHg、(16.58±2.76)mmHg、(550.71±32.36)μm、(3036.99±246.92)个/mm2、(3.29±0.23)mm,两组IOP、CIOP、ACD比较,P均<0.05。A组IOP与CIOP、CT呈正相关(r=0.632、0.343,P均<0.05);CIOP与K呈正相关(r=0.209,P<0.05),与CR、CT呈负相关(r=-0.212、-0.501,P均<0.05);ACD与AL、AL/CR呈正相关(r=0.407、0.424,P均<0.05)。B组IOP与AL、CR、CIOP、CT呈正相关(r=0.298、0.259、0.643、0.379,P均<0.05),与K、角膜内皮计数呈负相关(r=-0.255、-0.201,P均<0.05);CIOP与CT呈负相关(r=-0.462,P<0.05);ACD与AL、AL/CR呈正相关(r=0.455、0.585,P均<0.05)。结论与2014年相比,2019年低度近视青少年眼球IOP以及CIOP升高,ACD变深。在今后青少年的近视防控中,需要多加关注IOP、CIOP、ACD以及与其有相关性的指标K、CR、AL、AL/CR的变化。

Objective To compare the ocular biological parameters of some adolescents with low myopia in 2014 and 2019,to understand the characteristics of refractive development of adolescents with low myopia,and to provide new evidence for early intervention and control of myopia.Methods Ninety-eight adolescents(98 eyes,group A)with low myopia before orthodontic fitting in 2014(-3 D<SE≤-0.75 D)and 101 adolescents(101 eyes,group B)with low myopia before orthodontic fitting in 2019 were selected;the equivalent spherical diopter(SE),axial length(AL),keratometry(K),curvature radius(CR),axial length/corneal curvature ratio(AL/CR),intraocular pressure(IOP),corrected intraocular pressure(CIOP),corneal thickness(CT),corneal endothelial cell counts,and anterior chamber depth(ACD)were compared between the two groups,and the correlation between parameters was analyzed in the two groups.Results In the group A,adolescents were(11.21±2.38)years old,SE was(-1.91±0.62)D,AL was(24.47±0.73)mm,K was(42.86±1.31)D,CR was(7.88±0.24)mm,AL/CR was 3.11±0.62,IOP was(16.01±2.28)mmHg,CIOP was(15.30±2.47)mmHg,CT was(550.85±28.94)μm,the corneal endothelial cell counts were(3120.98±239.32)/mm^2,ACD was(3.21±0.23)mm,while in the group B,they were(10.89±2.35)years old,(-1.94±0.58)D,(24.47±0.80)mm,(43.05±1.29)D,(7.85±0.24)mm,(3.12±0.62),(17.17±2.61)mmHg,(16.58±2.76)mmHg,(550.71±32.36)μm,(3036.99±246.92)/mm^2,and(3.29±0.23)mm in turn;the differences in IOP,CIOP and ACD were statistically significant between these two groups(all P<0.05).In the group A,IOP was positively correlated with CIOP and CT(r=0.632,0.343,both P<0.05),CIOP was positively correlated with K(r=0.209,P<0.05)and negatively correlated with CR and CT(r=-0.212,-0.501,both P<0.05),and ACD was positively correlated with AL and AL/CR(r=0.407,0.424,both P<0.05).In the group B,IOP was positively correlated with Al,CR,CIOP and CT(r=0.298,0.259,0.643,0.379,all P<0.05)and negatively correlated with K and corneal endothelial cell counts(r=-0.255,-0.201,both P<0.05);CIOP was negatively correlated with CT(r=-0.462,P<0.05),and ACD was positively correlated with AL and AL/CR(r=0.455,0.585,both P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the ocular biological parameters of adolescents with low myopia in 2014,IOP,CIOP and ACD generally increase in 2019.It indicates that more attention should be paid to the changes of IOP,CIOP,ACD and K,CR,AL,AL/CR in the future prevention and control of myopia in adolescents.