大白菜种子收获分离清选装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Separation and Cleaning Device for Chinese Cabbage Seeds Harvester

针对大白菜种子机械化收获时滚筒脱出物各组分农艺形态差异大、物理特性复杂等问题,设计了一种由内流式圆筒筛(内置螺旋输送器)、横流吸杂风机等组成的分离清选装置。阐述了该装置的结构组成和工作原理,通过理论分析确定了其关键部件的结构与工作参数。选取圆筒筛转速、内螺旋输送器转速和横流风机转速为试验因素,以含杂率和损失率为性能指标,结合单因素试验结果,开展正交试验,采用综合评分法优化得到了装置最佳工作参数组合并进行了试验验证。结果表明:影响装置清选性能指标的试验因素由大到小为:横流风机转速、圆筒筛转速、内螺旋输送器转速,装置的最优参数组合为:圆筒筛转速70 r/min、内螺旋输送器转速200 r/min、横流风机转速700 r/min。在该参数组合下进行了性能验证试验,试验结果为含杂率2.75%,损失率0.62%,满足行业相关标准要求。

In view of the difficulty in separation and cleaning caused by the great difference of agronomic morphology and complex physical characteristics of the components of the exfoliates during the mechanized harvesting of Chinese cabbage seeds,a separation and cleaning device composed of an internal flow cylindrical sieve(with a inner spiral auger)and a cross-flow suction fan was designed.The structure and working principle of the device were described,and the structure and working parameters of its key components were determined by theoretical analysis.The rotational speed of the cylinder sieve,the inner spiral auger and the cross-flow fan were selected as the test factors,the hybrid rate and the loss rate were taken as the performance indexes,the orthogonal test was carried out,and the optimum working parameter combination of the device was obtained by using the comprehensive scoring method and the test was verified.The results showed that the main and second order of the test factors that affected the cleaning performance of the device were speed of the cross-flow fan,speed of the cylindrical screen and speed of the auger,and the optimal parameter combination of the separation and cleaning device was speed of the cross-flow fan of 70 r/min,speed of the auger of 200 r/min and speed of the cross-flow fan of 700 r/min.The performance verification test was carried out under the parameter combination,and the results showed that the impurity content and loss rate of Chinese cabbage seeds were 2.75%and 0.62%respectively,which met the requirements of relevant industry standards.