多参数可调可测式清选系统设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Multi Parameter Adjustable and Measurable Cleaning System

为了改善国内谷物联合收获机风筛式清选装置清选作业参数的调控、监测与显示方式简单且自动化程度较低导致清选效率较低的问题。分析了谷物联合收获机风筛式清选装置4个清选作业参数(振动筛曲柄转速、风门开度、风机转速和鱼鳞筛筛片开度)的调节理论依据,对每个清选作业参数的调控与监测装置进行独立设计,在联合收获机风筛式清选装置基础上设计了多参数可调可测式清选系统,实现风筛式清选装置清选作业参数的自动化调控、监测与显示,整体系统采用电力驱动,实现了收获机风筛式清选装置的绿色环保作业。经准确性检测多参数可调可测式清选系统4个清选作业参数的调节精度均不小于97.17%,具有良好的鲁棒性,可实现4个清选作业参数的精确调控与实时显示。本文利用装配了多参数可调可测式清选系统的4LZ4型全喂入履带收获机,以总损失率和含杂率为清选性能评价指标,进行了大豆机收田间试验,试验时样机运行良好。试验结果表明,大豆机收田间试验总损失率和含杂率平均值分别为3.13%和2.70%,达到行业标准要求。

The regulation,monitoring and display mode of cleaning operation parameters of domestic grain combine harvester air and screen cleaning device is simple and low automation degree,resulting in low cleaning efficiency.Aiming to improve these problems,the theoretical basis of adjusting four cleaning operation parameters(the crank speed of vibrating screen,the opening of air door,the rotation speed of fan and the opening degree of fish scale screen)of the air and screen cleaning device of grain combine harvester were analyzed.The control and monitoring device of each cleaning operation parameter was designed independently.Based on the air and screen cleaning device of combine harvester,the multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system was designed.The automatic control,monitoring and display of the cleaning operation parameters of the existing air and screen cleaning device,and the whole system was driven by electric power,realizing the green operation of the air and screen cleaning device of the harvester.Through the accuracy test,the adjustment accuracy of the four cleaning operation parameters of the multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system was not less than 97.17%,which had good robustness,and can realize the accurate control and real-time display of the four cleaning operation parameters.The model 4LZ4 full feeding crawler harvester equipped with multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system was used in the field test of soybean harvester with total loss rate and impurity content as evaluation index of cleaning performance.The prototype ran well in the test.The results showed that the average loss rate and impurity content in the field experiment of soybean mechanical harvesting were 3.13%and 2.70%,respectively,which met the requirements of industry standard.