俄罗斯外交:历史遗产与思想传承

Diplomacy of Russia:Historical Legacy and Ideological Inheritance

俄罗斯在几百年时间里形成了丰富的外交传统,这些传统因素不仅构筑了其对外政策史的轨迹,也影响着当代俄罗斯的政策选择。对地缘安全的关注在俄罗斯对外关系史上一直发挥着基础性的作用,决定了其在对外事务上的认知框架和政策制定。为了拓展和保护宽广的疆域,军事手段及与之相关的军工体系和安全机构介入到对外事务当中,且在政策选择上发挥重要甚至是主导性的影响。面对复杂的周边环境,积极活跃的外交成为俄罗斯满足利益诉求、确立大国地位的重要途径,呈现出灵活多变的实用主义特色。外交与内政紧密互动同样是俄国近现代史中一个鲜明的特色。这表现为,外交上的努力不仅是要争取有利于内部发展的外部环境,还是内部治理的延续,甚至就是内部治理体系的一部分。

In the past several centuries,Russia has formed a rich diplomatic tradition,which not only constructs the trajectory of Russia’s diplomatic history,but affects its current policy choice as well.Concerns about geo-security lay a foundation upon Russia’s diplomacy and determines its cognitive framework and policy formulation in foreign affairs.To expand and protect its territory,military means and the related military-industrial system and security institutions are often involved in Russia’s diplomacy and plays a dominating role in its policy choices.In faced with complicated surrounding environment,an active,flexible and pragmatic diplomacy becomes an important way to meet Russia’s interests and guarantee its status as a major power.Another feature of Russia’s diplomacy in modern history is the close interaction between its external and domestic policies.Specifically,Russia’s efforts in foreign affairs are not only a tool to create an external environment conducive to domestic development,but also an integrated part of its domestic governing system.