民族意识与帝国思维:乌克兰独立与俄乌纷争

National Consciousness and Imperial Thinking:Ukraine’s Independence and Russia-Ukraine Disputes

乌克兰是一个世界公认的独立国家,拥有独特的文化、语言、历史和身份认同。它作为独立国家的建立,始于1991年苏联的解体,并有源远的历史脉络可寻。由于长期作为俄罗斯帝国的一部分,它与俄罗斯的文化既有联系又有区别。俄乌纷争的很多问题源自苏联解体,有些甚至可以追溯到苏联、沙皇俄国和基辅罗斯时期。1991年宣布建立独联体的《别洛韦日协定》,不仅标志着苏联作为国际法主体和地缘政治现实的终结,也进一步保证了作为苏联创始国之一的乌克兰在独立之后成为一个主权国家。1994年签订的《布达佩斯备忘录》使乌克兰放弃核武器,并以无核国家身份加入《核不扩散条约》。2010年签订的《哈尔科夫协议》一度推动苏联解体以来乌俄两国关于黑海舰队及基地问题的解决,但在2014年俄罗斯合并克里米亚之后被废除。历史上这三大文件是乌克兰独立与解决俄乌纷争的关键法律依据,极具研究价值。苏联解体后,乌克兰问题是一个帝国崩塌后的余震,乌克兰民族的独立意识和俄罗斯的帝国思维是俄乌纷争的主要思想根源。乌克兰人民渴望建立独立国家的愿望和选择国家发展道路的权利应该得到尊重。

Ukraine is an independent country with unique culture,language,history and identity.Its establishment as an independent country began with the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991.As a part of the Russian Empire for a long time,Ukrainian culture has both connections and differences with Russian culture.Many of the problems in the Russian-Ukrainian dispute originated from the disintegration of the Soviet Union,and some even date back to the Soviet Union,Tsarist Russia and Kievan Rus.The“Belovezha Accords”in 1991,which announced the the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States,not only marked the end of the Soviet Union as the subject of international law and geopolitics,but also guaranteed the sovereignty of Ukraine after independence.The Budapest Memorandum in 1994 enabled Ukraine to renounce nuclear weapons and join the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as a non-nuclear country.The“Kharkiv Pact”in 2010 once promoted the settlement of the issue of the Black Sea fleet and bases between Ukraine and Russia,but it was abolished after Russia merged with Crimea in 2014.These three major documents are the key legal basis for Ukraine’s independence and the settlement of disputes between Russia and Ukraine,and thus have great research value.After the disintegration of the Soviet Union,the Ukrainian issue was an aftershock after the collapse of the empire.The national independence consciousness of Ukraine and the imperial thinking of Russia were the main ideological reason for the dispute between the two countries.The desire of Ukrainian people to establish an independent state and the right to choose the country’s development path should be respected.