伸缩指杆式玉米秸秆旋耕掩埋机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Telescopic Finger Stalk of Maize Straw Burying Machine

针对黄淮海小麦、玉米两熟区玉米秸秆全量还田后,现有旋耕整地作业存在表层土壤土秆混合秸秆量大、影响后续小麦播种质量的问题,设计了一种伸缩指杆式玉米秸秆旋耕掩埋机。通过偏心伸缩指杆组先接触秸秆,并低速近抛秸秆,旋耕刀后接触已被清理秸秆的土壤,并高速远抛土壤覆盖秸秆,实现“秆下土上”分离掩埋。对秸秆旋耕掩埋机的旋耕刀、伸缩指杆进行运动分析,确定了旋耕刀和伸缩指杆速度的关系,完成了偏心伸缩指杆组、栅栏、压秆齿等关键部件的结构和参数设计,并运用多体动力学RecurDyn软件对旋耕刀、伸缩指杆和压秆齿端点的运动轨迹进行追踪,分析了三者端点速度和角速度的变化规律,仿真结果表明速度和角速度变化规律与理论分析一致。对秸秆旋耕掩埋机和普通旋耕机进行了田间对比试验,测定地表50 mm以下的秸秆掩埋率,结果表明:秸秆旋耕掩埋机的秸秆掩埋率为83.25%,比普通旋耕机提高了10.05个百分点。

Aiming at the problems of large surface straw coverage after mechanical harvesting of corn and returning straw to the field and surface soil mixed with straw after rotary tillage and the impact on subsequent seeding quality,combining the planting patterns and agronomic requirements of the wheat and maize for double cropping area in HuangHuaiHai region,a telescopic finger stalk burying device was designed based on commonly used rotary tillers.The device was mainly composed of a rotary tiller roller,a fence and a stalk tooth equipped with an eccentric telescopic finger set.The eccentric telescopic finger group first contacted the straw and then threw the straw close at a low speed.After the rotary cutter touched the soil that was cleared of the straw and threw the soil far at high speed and covered the straw,then the separate burial“the straw was under the soil”was achieved.The theoretical analysis of the motion of rotary tiller and telescopic finger in the straw burial device determined the relationship between the speed of the rotary tiller.Besides,the telescopic finger and the structure and parameter design of key components such as the eccentric telescopic finger group,the fence and the stalk teeth were completed.By using the multi-body dynamics RecurDyn software to track the motion trajectories of the end points of rotary cultivator,telescopic finger and pressing stalk teeth and analyze the speed and angular velocity motion rules of the three end points,it was found that the motion laws were consistent with the theoretical analysis.Field comparison tests were performed on the straw burial device and the conventional rotary cultivating device,and the straw burial rate of the surface below 50 mm was measured.The results showed that the burial rate of the straw burial device was 83.25%,which was 10.05 percentage points higher than that of the conventional rotary cultivating device.