黄河沿岸不同生态功能区耕地整治与优化调控研究

Regulation and Optimization of Cultivated Land in Different Ecological Function Areas along Yellow River

以黄河中下游的河南省孟津县为例,从生态服务性、景观完整性和生态敏感性等方面构建国土空间生态重要性评价体系,对2001—2018年间不同生态功能区内耕地演变进行定量分析,以推动黄河滩区生态功能恢复和农业高质量发展为终极目标,结合相关规划提出了分类调控方案。结果表明:孟津县的国土空间划分为极重要区(104.61 km^2)、较重要区(245.26 km^2)和一般区(384.90 km^2)3种类型,极重要区主要位于黄河滩区,在维护黄河流域水生态安全中起着关键作用。根据已有的优势空间和社会经济基础,制定了差别化的耕地调控方案:在极重要区,应积极推动退耕还滩,实施生态耕作模式;在较重要区,应加大对自然本底条件好而耕作不便利耕地的整治力度,为规模化农田建设创造条件;在一般区,应以社会化平台为依托,推动耕地的复合利用。孟津县黄河滩区需要退耕的土地面积为12.67 km^2,滩区耕地的有序退出有利于放大国家黄河生态战略的叠加效应。

Mengjin County was selected as the case study area to construct the evaluation system of ecological importance for territorial space from the aspects of ecological service,landscape integrity and ecological sensitivity.And a quantitative analysis was made on the evolution of cultivated land in different ecological functional areas from 2001 to 2018.With the ultimate goal of promoting the restoration of ecological functions and the development of high-quality agriculture in the Yellow River shoal area,a classified regulation scheme was put forward in combination with relevant planning.The results showed that the national spatial ecological importance of Mengjin County can be divided into high important area(104.61 km^2),middle important area(245.26 km^2)and low important area(384.90 km^2),the high important area was mainly located in the Yellow River beach area,which played a key role in maintaining the water ecological security of the Yellow River basin.To promote regional high-quality development,it was necessary to combine the existing advantageous space and social and economic foundation to work out differentiated farmland regulation plans.In the high important area,it was important to actively promote the return of farmland to the beach and implement the ecological tillage model.In the middle important area,it was necessary to intensify the improvement of cultivated land which was not convenient for cultivation to create conditions for large-scale farmland construction.In the low important area,the social platform should be used to promote the compound utilization of cultivated land.It was determined that the area needed to be converted to farmland in the Yellow River beach area of Mengjin County was 12.67 km^2,the orderly withdrawal of cultivated land in the beach area was conducive to magnifying the superposition effect of the national Yellow River strategy.