微纳结构复合含能材料精细组装研究进展

Research progress on fine assembly of micro-nano structured energetic composites

微纳结构复合含能材料兼具纳米含能材料能量释放效率高和微米颗粒利于成型加工的特点,又可在结构空隙中填充高能物质以增加复合材料的能量密度,表现出优异的性能并在推进剂领域具有良好的应用前景。基于国内外学者的相关研究工作,综述了当前纳米燃料基、纳米氧化物基和纳米铝热剂基微纳结构复合含能材料的研究现状,概述了制备微纳结构复合含能材料所采用的物理混合法、凝胶-溶胶法、气相沉积法、静电喷雾法、喷墨打印和3D打印法与自组装法等方法,以及微纳结构复合含能材料的结构与形貌、感度、燃烧和放热性能等表征技术。最后,结合材料的结构特点,介绍了微纳结构复合材料高的放热性能和燃烧性能。

The micro-nano structured energetic composites have great potential in the field of propellant because they have the merits of both nano particles with high energy release efficiency and micro particles that easy to form and process.It can also be filled with high-energy substances in the structure gap to increase its energy density of the composite material.Based on the relevant research of scholars at home and abroad,the paper reviewed(1)the current research status of nano-fuel based,nano-oxide based and nano thermite based micro-nano structured energetic composites;(2)the preparation methods including physical mixing method,the gel-sol method,vapor deposition method,electrostatic spray method,inkjet printing and 3D printing method and assembly method;(3)the characterization technology for the structure and morphology,the sensitivity,the combustion and exothermic performance.The improved combustion and thermal decomposition properties were summarized and discussed deeply from the viewpoint of the structural characteristics of micro-nano composites.