设计思维导向的开源硬件教学模式构建与应用研究

Research on Construction and Application of Open Source Hardware Teaching Model Oriented by Design Thinking

作为一种开放、智能、灵活的数字化学习工具,开源硬件是培养中小学生设计思维能力的重要载体。为了探索设计思维培养与开源硬件教学实践双向耦合的新路径,文章首先解析了设计思维概念内涵,对典型设计思维培养模型及特征进行分析,并将其解构为更具显性化操作意义的五大核心能力:换位思考、抽象定义、创意构想、原型迭代和迁移应用;其次,汲取设计型学习理论核心要义,借鉴“基于设计的双循环探究模型”,构建了设计思维导向的开源硬件教学模式,从“调查/探究”“设计/再设计”“反思”三个循环过程对其具体应用进行阐释;最后,以“智慧校园生活”为项目主题开展开源硬件教学实践,为新版高中信息技术课程标准中“开源硬件项目设计”模块的教学实施提供范例。

As an open,intelligent and flexible digital learning tool,open source hardware is an important carrier for the cultivation of design thinking skills in primary and secondary schools.In order to explore a new path of two-way coupling between design thinking cultivation and open source hardware teaching practice,this paper firstly analyzes the connotation of the concept of design thinking,analyzes the typical training model of design thinking and its characteristics,and deconstructs them into five core competencies that are more explicitly operational:empathy,abstract definition,creative ideas,prototype iteration and transfer application.Secondly,drawing on the core essence of design-based learning theory and the "design-based double-loop inquiry model",this paper develops an open source hardware teaching model oriented by design thinking and explains the application of this model in terms of three cycles of "investigation/inquiry","design/redesign" and "reflection".Finally,"smart campus life" is taken as the project theme to carry out open source hardware teaching practice,providing an example for the implementation of "open source hardware project design" module in the new version of high school information technology curriculum standards.