视觉形象与小说的跨媒介叙事

The Visual Image and the Cross-media Narration in Novels

作家进行小说创作的动机并不限于一种,但像博尔赫斯这样旨在打破传统的线性叙事、创造全新叙事模式的作家,其小说作品往往源于某个视觉形象,其叙述模式则往往是语词模仿图像的跨媒介叙事。卡尔维诺、马尔克斯等作家都认为视觉形象在其叙事活动中具有优先地位,因此,小说家应从出现在其意识中的视觉形象出发,通过语词进行跨媒介叙事,努力创造出具有造型效果或空间特征的小说叙事作品。一般来说,建构在视觉形象基础上的跨媒介叙事作品,在叙事结构上主要体现为两种模式:一种根据其叙事模式可以叫做“语词连环画”;另一种则不妨称之为“视点-并置叙事”,即故事中不同的人物根据各自不同的视点讲述同一个故事。

The motive of novel writing may vary for authors.When it comes to writers like Borges,who aims at breaking the traditional linear narrative to create a new narrative mode,the works often originate from a certain visual image,and their narrative mode is likely a cross-media narrative,in other words,an imitation of image via phraseology.Calvino,Marquez and many other writers believe that the visual image should be given priority among narration.Therefore,novelists ought to create the narrative works with either features of plastic arts or spatial feature,starting with their visual images flashed upon their mind with the help of words and the cross-media narration.Generally,the construction of the cross-media narration based on the visual image is mainly embodied in two structural patterns:1)“comic strip via phrasing”for its narrative mode and 2)“juxtaposed narrative”.The term juxtaposed narrative could be further divided into the“topic-juxtaposition narrative”and the“viewpoint-juxtaposition narrative”with regard to the juxtaposition concept.The former notion refers to the juxtaposition of several different narrative lines revolve around the same topic,while the latter means that characters in the same story represent different points of view respectively.