子书特征发微

On the Special Features of the Scholars’Works

以先秦著作为典范,可以揭示子书的三个特征。在思想内容上关怀现实,是立说求治之书,体现了古代学术思想与政治生活一以贯之的密切联系;在著述形式上独立于经典,无复依傍,最大限度释放了思想创发的活力,与“注疏体”构成反题;在立场定位上批判官学,属于平民学术,先秦的子书主要讨论三代之学,汉代以后的子书主要针对以经学为核心的官学。利用子书的上述特征,可以厘清子书与子部的概念边界,并确定诸子学的研究对象。

Taking the pre-Qin scholars’works as a standard,we can reveal the three characteristics of the“Zi Shu”or scholarly works.In terms of ideological content,it is concerned with reality,seeking good governance based on theoretic discussion,and embodies the close connection between ancient academic thought and political life.The form of the writings is independent from the classics,without reference to them,which releases the vitality of thought creation to the maximum extent,and sharply contrasts to the"annotation"works.In terms of position,the scholarly works take a critic stance to the official discourses,belonging to the civilian academic.The pre-Qin“Zi Shu”mainly discusses the scholarship of three generations,while the post-Han“Zi Shu”is mainly aimed at the official study with the classics as the core.By using the above characteristics,the conceptual boundary between“Zi Shu”and“Zi Bu”can be clarified,and the research object of“Zi Shu”can be determined.