流式细胞术在饮用水微生物检测中的应用及挑战

Applications and Challenges of Microbial Detection in Drinking Water by Flow Cytometry

流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)是一种可实现液相中悬浮单细胞或微粒的高通量多参数检测的交叉学科技术,特别适合对0.2~20μm粒径大小的微生物检测。但在FCM开发前期,因受限于特异性结合的荧光染料和仪器灵敏度,FCM在微生物快速检测中并未得到广泛应用。近些年,随着光电探测技术的飞速发展,以及新型荧光染料的开发,FCM在饮用水安全保障领域得到了快速发展和广泛应用。目前FCM能够快速定量检测饮用水中的总细菌浓度(total cell concentration,TCC),识别细菌活性,区分不同核酸含量的菌群和不同粒径大小的菌群等。论述了FCM对饮用水微生物检测的基本原理及绝对计数方法,介绍了已用于流式分析水体细菌的荧光染料和数据分析方法,综述了其主要应用方向。最后阐述了FCM在饮用水微生物学应用领域面临的问题,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

Flow cytometry(FCM)is an interdisciplinary technology that enables high-throughput and multi-parameter detection of suspended single cells or particles in the liquid phase.It’s particularly suitable for the detection of microorganisms with a particle size of 0.2 to 20μm.However,in the early stage of the FCM development,the FCM had not been widely used in the rapid detection of microorganisms due to the limitations of specific binding of fluorescent dyes and instrument sensitivity.In recent years,with the development of photoelectric detection technology and new fluorescent dyes,FCM has been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of drinking water safety and security.At present,FCM can quickly and quantitatively detect the total cell concentration(TCC)to identify bacterial activity,distinguish bacteria with different nucleic acid content and size in drinking water.This review briefly discussed the basic principles,absolute counting methods,fluorescent dyes and data analysis of FCM,focusing on its recent applications in aquatic microbiology.Finally,the problems faced by FCM in the field of drinking water microbiology application are described,and the prospects for its future development are discussed.