新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间不同专业大学生心理健康及应对方式比较

Comparative study on mental health and coping styles of university students from different majors during the epidemic of COVID-19

目的:探讨不同专业大学生在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间心理健康和应对方式状况,并分析心理健康与应对方式之间的关系,为特殊时期大学生的心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法:采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样法对理工科类、文科类及医学类3个专业1580名本科生进行网络问卷调查。结果:多元回归模型控制相关混杂因素后,理工科类学生的恐惧及疑病因子得分高于医学类学生(t=2.431,2.474;P<0.05),文科类学生恐惧、强迫-焦虑、疑病因子得分高于医学类学生(t=3.012,2.674,2.046;P<0.05);与医学类大学生相比,理工科类及文科类大学生的积极应对和消极应对得分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Spearman相关分析显示,积极应对方式分别与心理反应中抑郁、神经衰落、强迫-焦虑和疑病因子得分呈负相关(r=-0.215,-0.223,-0.167,-0.139;P<0.05);消极应对方式与心理反应中抑郁、神经衰落、恐惧、强迫-焦虑和疑病因子得分呈正相关(r=0.184,0.215,0.158,0.166,0.104;P<0.05)。结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医学类专业大学的心理健康状况优于理工科类及文科类大学生,其心理健康状况与应付方式存在关联。

Objective:To investigate the mental health status and coping styles among university students from different majors during the epidemic of COVID-19,analyze the relationship between mental health and coping styles,and provide foundation for optimizing mental health education of university students during this special period.Methods:Using the method of convenient sampling and snowball sampling,an online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1580 undergraduates majoring in science and engineering,arts and medicine.Results:After controlling potential confounding factors by multiple linear regression,the scores of fear and hypos of science and engineering students were higher than those of medical students(t=2.431,2.474;P<0.05).The scores of fear,obsessive-anxiety and hypos factors of arts students were higher than those of medical students(t=3.012,2.674,2.046;P<0.05).Compared with medical students,there was no statistical difference in scores of positive coping and negative coping of science in engineering students and arts students(P>0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the scores of positive coping style were negatively correlated with the scores of depression,neurasthenia,obsessive-anxiety and hypos factors in the psychological response respectively(r=-0.215,-0.223,-0.167,-0.139;P<0.05).The scores of negative coping style were positively correlated with scores of depression,neurasthenia,fear,obsessive-anxiety and hypos factors(r=0.184,0.215,0.158,0.166,0.104;P<0.05).Conclusion:During the epidemic of COVID-19,the mental health status of medical university students is better than that of science and engineering and arts students.Their mental health status is related to coping styles.