苏南某中学初中流动儿童社会适应现状

Social adaptation of migrant children in a middle school in southern Jiangsu province

目的:了解流动儿童的社会适应状况,为心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法:整体选取苏南某市区公办初中有效被试566名流动儿童(其中男生296名,女生270名)与有效被试458名城市户籍初中生(其中男生232名,女生226名),采用少年儿童社会适应量表调查法等开展流动儿童的社会适应调查。结果:(1)初中流动儿童学习自主、人际友好、社会活力显著差于城市户籍儿童(t=-2.59,-2.30,-2.25;P<0.05),但生活独立显著优于城市户籍儿童(t=3.68,P<0.01);(2)初中流动儿童女生的社会适应水平显著高于男生(t=-2.47,P<0.05)。流动儿童中独生子女的学习自主显著优于非独生子女(t=2.38,P<0.05);(3)初一年级流动儿童社会适应显著优于初二或初三(F=16.19,η^2p=0.05,P<0.001)。结论:初中流动儿童学习自主、人际友好、社会活力显著差于城市户籍儿童,但生活独立显著优于城市户籍儿童,初中流动儿童男生的社会适应水平显著低于男生,初二或初三流动儿童社会适应显著差于初一年级。

Objective:To explore the social adaptation characteristics of migrant children.Methods:A total of 566 migrant children(including 296 boys and 270 girls)and 458 urban registered junior high school students(including 232 boys and 226 girls)were selected from a public middle school in southern Jiangsu province.Results:(1)The learning autonomy,interpersonal friendliness and social vitality of junior middle school migrant children were significantly lower than those of urban household registration children(t=-2.59,-2.30,-2.25;P<0.05),but their life independence was significantly better than that of urban registered children(t=3.68,P<0.01).(2)The social adaptation level of female migrant children was significantly higher than that of male students(t=-2.47,P<0.05).Among the migrant children,the only child’s learning autonomy was significantly better than that of the non only child,(t=2.38,P<0.05).(3)The social adaptation of migrant children in the first grade of junior high school was significantly better than that in the second or third grade of junior high school(F=16.19,η^2p=0.05,P<0.001).Conclusion:Junior middle school migrant children are significantly lower in learning autonomy,interpersonal friendliness and social vitality than urban household registration children,but their life independence is significantly better than that of urban household registration children.The social adaptation level of boys in junior middle school is significantly lower than that of boys,and the social adaptation of migrant children in grade two or three is significantly worse than that in grade one.Schools,families and society need to pay attention to them and take effective measures to improve their social adaptability.