气象灾害下网络信息传播模式研究——以台风为例

Research on communication of network information under meteorological disaster:case of typhoon

为了解气象灾害下的网络信息传播模式,围绕“台风利奇马”,对2019年8月4—20日从微博采集到的1387365条相关信息进行分析。结果表明:(1)台风“利奇马”事件在微博平台的发展趋势比较突出。事件爆发时间为2019年8月10日,台风登陆后媒体关注度迅速上升,将事态发展推向最高点;普通用户为台风“利奇马”灾害信息的主要传播群体,“@人民日报”“@央视新闻”为此次事件的意见领袖;(2)词组“台风利奇马”被提及600万次以上,相关热词以地名、时间、灾情、救援、媒体、人物和情绪类词汇为主。微博热词反映了台风过程舆情的关注焦点,可以帮助决策部门快速识别灾害信息,监测台风发生及影响;(3)微博网友使用最多的表情为“爱心”,达到168471人次。74%的网友表达出对受灾地区的声援、关心和祈祷,负面情绪和观点较少;基于以上分析,结合多个历史台风案例,采用传播学中的拉斯韦尔5W模式,构建了台风事件的信息传播模式,揭示其发展的基本形态和规律,并给出舆情引导策略,为灾害性天气事件的公共服务和政府决策提供参考。

In order to understand the communication mode of network information under meteorological disaster,1387365 messages around the keyword typhoon Lekima collected from Weibo during August 4 to 20,2019 were analyzed.Results showed that:(1)the development trend of typhoon Lekima event in Weibo was prominent.The event burst out on August 10,2019,after the typhoon landed,media attention rose rapidly,pushing the development of the matter to a high point.Ordinary users were the major group of event communicators,People s Daily and CCTV News were the opinion leaders of this event;(2)the word“typhoon Lekima”were mentioned more than 6 million times,and related hot words were mainly about name,time,disaster,relief,media,figure and emotional words.Hot words on Weibo reflected the focus of public opinion in typhoon process,helped decision-making departments to recognize the disaster information and monitor the occurrence and influence of typhoon;(3)“Love”was the most widely used emoticon,reaching 168471 people,and 74%of netizens expressed their solidarity,concern and prayer for the affected areas,and there were fewer negative emotion or views.Then,using Laswell s 5W mode in communication,an information communication mode based on analysis above and historical typhoon cases was constructed,to reveal the basic patterns and laws of its development and provide strategy of public opinion guidance,which will provide reference for the public service and government decision-making.