渍害胁迫下小麦生长的响应机理及调控措施研究进展

Research progress of the response mechanism of wheat growth to waterlogging stress and the related regulating managements

全球气候变化导致近年来渍害频发,而旱地作物小麦对渍害敏感。受气候、土壤、轮作制度等因素的影响,我国长江中下游小麦主产区的渍害灾情严重。渍害引起的土壤溶氧量降低可以导致小麦根系生长受到抑制,进而限制植株生长,最终降低小麦产量和品质。本文基于国内外相关研究,从根系呼吸代谢、水分传导、矿质养分吸收、光合作用、氧化还原代谢等方面概述了渍害胁迫抑制小麦生长的生理机理;讨论了小麦通过无氧呼吸维持能量供应和改变根系形态维持氧气供应等渍害适应机制;总结了肥料调控、生长调节剂调控和胁迫记忆等栽培措施在小麦抗渍上的应用及其机理,并对未来小麦抗渍研究进行了展望,以期为小麦的耐渍栽培和稳产高产管理提供理论支撑。

The frequency of waterlogging events is increasing in recent years due to climate change.Wheat,a dryland crop,is particularly sensitive to waterlogging.Moreover,waterlogging stress is especially serious in the main wheat-producing regions at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as influenced by regional climate,soil,rotating system and other factors.Oxygen content in soil decreases under waterlogging condition,which inhibits root growth,restricts plant growth,and eventually reduces wheat yield and grain quality.In the present study,we reviewed the current national and international research progress in the underlying physiological mechanisms of inhibitory wheat growth by waterlogging stress,from the aspects of root respiration,water transport,mineral nutrient absorption,photosynthesis,redox metabolism.We discussed the physiological adaptions of wheat to waterlogging,including maintaining energy supply through anaerobic respiration and oxygen supply through changes of root morphology.We listed the application of cultivation measures such as fertilizer regulation,growth regulator regulation and stress memory in improving waterlogging stress-tolerance in wheat with the underlying physiological mechanisms summarized.We also prospected the future study on waterlogging stress-tolerance in wheat,aiming to provide theoretical foundation for waterlogging-tolerant cultivation and maintaining high yield of wheat.