中国的产业布局:演变逻辑、成就经验与未来方向

Industrial Layout of China in the Past 70 Years: Evolution Logic, Achievement, Experience and Future Direction

国家发展战略是产业布局调整的重要指南针。文章以国家发展战略的演变为轴线,首先分析了产业布局的演变逻辑。建国之初,中国提出优先发展重工业的战略,通过实施"156项项目"与三线建设,促进了产业空间的均衡化。改革开放后,改革红利和人口红利促进了产业在东部地区的大幅聚集。20世纪末,面对不断扩大的区域差距,国家实施区域协调发展战略,在政府和市场的双重驱动下,产业跨区域转移不断加快。"一带一路"倡议提出后,产业加快对外布局。70年来,产业布局增强了国家发展能力,促进了区域协调,推动了产业布局学科发展,形成了许多宝贵经验。根据存在问题与未来趋势,文章最后探讨了产业布局的未来方向。

National development strategy is an important compass for industrial layout. This paper takes the evolution of national development strategy as the axis, and analyses the evolution logic of industrial layout firstly. At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the central government put forward the strategy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry. By implementing 156 projects and three-tier construction, it promoted the balance of industrial space. After the reform and opening up, the reform and population dividend promoted the industrial agglomeration in the eastern region. At the end of the 20 th century, the state implemented the strategy of regional coordinated development to solve the widening regional disparity. The government and the market both drove the inter-regional transfer of industries. After the "One Belt And One Road" initiative was put forward, the industry accelerated its layout to the world. Over the past 70 years, industrial layout has enhanced the development capacity of the country, promoted the coordinated development among four regions in China, promoted the development of the discipline of industrial layout, and formed many valuable experiences. According to existing problems and future trends, the future direction of industrial layout was discussed finally.