上海农民工就业质量影响因素研究——基于代际差异视角

Influential Factors on Migrant Worker’s Employment Quality in Shanghai——Based on the Perspective of Intergenerational Differences

进入新世纪后,农民工群体经历了代际转换,新生代农民工已经成为当下中国产业工人的重要组成部分。基于东南沿海地区农民工的"用工荒"与"求职难"现象并存之问题,围绕农民工就业质量问题研究在理论和实践层面具有一定的意义。本文基于人力资本与社会资本的视角,以国家统计局1061份上海农民工调查数据为例,重点对农民工就业质量的影响因素与代际差异进行探讨,同时对代际差异的可比性也做出了进一步讨论。结果表明,新生代农民工就业质量、人力资本与社会资本的部分指标都显著优于老一代农民工;从影响因素来看,高等职教或专科以上教育显著影响老一代农民工,但对新生代农民工影响不显著,职业或技术证书优势凸显。基于结果,本文进而提出提高农民工就业质量的若干政策建议。

In the new century,the migrant workers have experienced intergenerational transformation.The new generation of migrant workers has become an important part of industrial workers.At the same time,the problem of"labor shortage"and"job hunting difficult"coexisted among migrant workers in the southeastern coastal areas,so how to improve the quality of migrant workers is meaningful both in theory and practice.Based on the perspective of human capital and social capital,the paper analyzes the data of 1061 migrant workers in Shanghai from the National Bureau of Statistics,explores the influential factors and intergenerational differences of the employment quality of migrant workers and discusses the comparability of intergenerational differences.The results show that human capital and social capital of the new generation of migrant workers are significantly better than the older generation of migrant workers;Higher vocational education or college education significantly affect the older generation of migrant workers,but the impact on the new generation is not significant,and the advantages of vocational qualification certificates are highlighted.Finally,the conclusions put forward several policy suggestions to improve the employment quality of migrant workers.