默顿科学社会学视域下的中国科技奖励制度——纪念默顿110周年诞辰

On China’s science and technology reward system from the perspective of Merton’s sociology of science--commemorating the 110th anniversary of Merton’s birth

以默顿的科学社会学为视角,对中国科技奖励制度的历史沿革进行纵向梳理,统计现行国家科技奖励奖项类型及获奖情况,发现中国当下科技奖励制度存在优先权引发的矛盾心理、科技界分层现象严重、科学规范过于理想化、命名规则不合理等一系列困境。基于此,提出中国科技奖励制度完善的路径:物质奖励和精神奖励两者都不可忽视;加强科技奖励评审的合理性建设;科技奖励制度要体现科学的精神特质。

From the perspective of Merton’s sociology of science,the historical evolution of China’s science and technology award system is sorted vertically,and the current types and rewards of national science and technology awards are counted.It is found that there is a series of dilemmas in China’s current science and technology incentive system,such as the ambivalence caused by priority,the serious stratification of science and technology circle,the excessive idealization of scientific norms,and the unreasonable naming rules.Based on this,this study puts forward the path of perfecting the system of science and technology reward in China,including:putting emphasis on both material rewards and spiritual rewards;strengthening the technology reward evaluation;reflecting the spirit of science in science and technology reward system.