在日华人华侨教育的现状、问题与思考

On the Status Quo,Problems of the Education of Overseas Chinese in Japan

从19世纪末至今,受中日关系和两国国内政治经济社会状况等影响,日本华人华侨教育经历了增长、停滞、恢复和激增等变化。特别是1980年代以后,随着日本华侨华人以及其他中国籍人口规模的日益扩大和社会地位的提高,日本华文教育的需求越来越大,要求也越来越高,出现了周末中文学校、中文补习学校、电视远程教学、网络教学等新的华文教育形态。但目前仍面临很多问题,如华侨教育一直被排斥在日本正规学校教育体制之外,陈旧的华文教育设施难以满足日益高涨的华文教育需求,缺乏新一代华文教材、华文师资等。就如何使日本的华侨华人教育更上一个台阶,提出了改进建议:一是从保障国民接受教育权的高度来重新认识华侨教育;二是加强对华侨教育的研究;三是增设华侨高中;四是结合侨居国的情况编写新的华文教材;五是将华侨学校师资培训纳入所在国教师培训。

From the end of the 19th century onwards,the education of overseas Chinese in Japan has undergone such changes as growth,stagnation,recovery,and surge under the influence of Sino-Japanese relations and the domestic political,economic and social conditions of the two countries.Especially after the 1980s,with the growing population of overseas Chinese in Japan and other Chinese nationalities and the improvement of their social status,the demand for Chinese education in Japan has become greater and higher.At the same time,new forms of Chinese education such as weekend Chinese schools,Chinese tuition schools,remote video teaching,and online teaching have emerged.However,there are still many problems to be tackled,such as overseas Chinese education excluded from regular school education system in Japan,outdated Chinese education facilities which are unable to meet the increasing demand for Chinese education,the lack and regularization of the new generation of Chinese textbooks and teachers,etc..With regard to how to take the education of overseas Chinese in Japan to a higher level,suggestions for improvement are put forward:namely,re-understanding the education of overseas Chinese from the perspective of guaranteeing people’s right to education,strengthening the research on education of overseas Chinese,establishing more high schools for overseas Chinese,compiling new Chinese teaching materials based on the situation of residence country of overseas Chinese and effectively incorporate teacher training of overseas Chinese schools into the teacher training of the whole country.