二胎产妇配偶育儿胜任感与知觉压力现状及其影响因素分析

Status quo and influencing factors of parenting competence and perceived stress in spouses of the second-birth parturients

目的探讨二胎产妇配偶育儿胜任感与知觉压力状况的现状,并分析其影响因素,为进行有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,选取2019年3—12月249名产后1周以内的二胎产妇的配偶为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版育儿胜任感量表(Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale,C-PSOC)和中文版知觉压力量表(Chinese perceived stress scale,CPSS)对其进行调查,分析配偶的育儿胜任感及其知觉压力现状及其影响因素。结果二胎产妇配偶的育儿胜任感得分(63.39±4.84)分,处于中等偏高水平,知觉压力得分(30.73±4.31)分,处于较大压力。多元线性回归分析结果显示:一二胎性别差异是二胎产妇配偶育儿胜任感及知觉压力的影响因素(均P<0.05),文化程度为育儿胜任感的影响因素,年龄为知觉压力的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论二胎产妇配偶的在育儿过程中具备了基本的效能与能力,但其知觉压力较大。根据其影响因素,护理人员应关注文化程度较低的人群,给予相关育儿知识技能的指导,并给予正确的性别观念引导,以便提高其育儿胜任感与降低其知觉压力。

Objective To investigate the current status of the parenting competence and perceived stress of the spouses of the second-birth parturients and explore the influencing factors so as to provide a theoretical basis for effective intervention.Methods Using cross-sectional research methods,249 spouses of second-birth parturients within one week after delivery from March to December 2019 were engaged as the research objects.The Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale(C-PSOC)and the Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS)were used to evaluate their parenting sense of competency and perceived stress,with its influencing factors explored.Results The childcare competency score was 63.39±4.84,at a moderately higher level,and the perceived stress score was 30.73±4.31,at a medium level.Multi-factor analysis showed that the gender difference between first and second births was the main influencing factor(P<0.05).Education level and income level had a certain impact on parenting competency.Age and income level had a certain impact on perceived pressure.Conclusions The parenting competence of the spouses of the second-birth parturients is generally at a medium to high level,and the perceived pressure is relatively heavier.The gender difference and educational level are the influencing factors of the child-raising competence.Nursing staff should pay attention to those with lower education and give correct gender guidance as soon as possible.At the same time,the differences in gender and age between the first and second births have some impact on the perceived pressure.More attention should be paid to the spouses of pregnant women who are younger,and reasonable guidance should be carried out when necessary.