避免战争的道德期冀:当代俄罗斯战争文学主题形态述略

The Moral Hope of Avoiding War:A Brief Account of the Thematic Morphology of Contemporary Russian War Literature

第二次世界大战后的75年来,局部战争成为世界战争的主要形态,这一战争形态在技术进步和核威慑的力量之下发生了惊人的嬗变,随之而来的是军事文化和战争文学所关注的基本内容和伦理思想发生了前所未有的改观。全景式的大部头文学作品繁荣不再,文学家看待战争的眼光、视野和格局已经从侧重战争的历史传奇性转移至对生命的敬畏。这个特点在对阿富汗战争与车臣战争的摹写方面已经鲜明地体现出来,创作主题的内容全然走出了传统战争文学的窠臼,严肃描绘战争的创伤,重视战后反思的意义,投身文学反战,解构当代战争的意义,大声疾呼和平已经成为战争文学创作的主流意识。

The theme of Russian war literature has changed greatly in the past three decades,which is closely related to the characteristics of contemporary warfare and the form of local wars.Due to the complete change of wars in nature,presentation of wars as the object and subject in literature is no longer an epic eulogy in a panoramic view,but,contrary to"ode",an expression of accusation against bloodiness and violence,denouncement of war-inflicted hatred and interests,and reflection of the conflicts and tragedies in war,other than blind optimism over the"victories".After the unjust war in Afghanistan and the self-persecuted Chechen War,passion for wars is no longer the theme of literature.Instead,it expresses retrospection and objection to wars and concealment becomes the very theme of contemporary Russian war literature.