偏正式意志情状副词“假意”的词汇化与语法化

The Lexicalization and Motivation of the Manner Adverb of“Jiayi”

现代汉语中的"假意"是常用的意志类情状副词,早在宋朝就已经出现,那时它是一个偏正式名词短语,意思是"虚假的心意",后于元代词汇化为名词,常用作句子的宾语成分。值得注意的是,名词"假意"还可活用为动词,且副词"假意"就萌芽于这一时期。到了明清时期,"假意"从名词语法化为情状副词"假意",词义迂曲,表示"故意、有意识地(做某事)",修饰动词性成分时,常伴随有明显的状语标记"的(地)"。在偏正短语"假意"情状副词化的过程中,句法位置、语义演变是其变化的重要动因,重新分析其机制和高频使用情况将巩固词汇化成果。

In modern Chinese,"Jiayi"is a commonly used adverb of will.As a partial phrase,it appeared as early as the Song Dynasty,meaning"false heart".In the Yuan Dynasty,it was converted into a noun used as an object in a sentence,sometimes it was used as a verb,and the manner adverb"Jiayi"originated in this period.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it was grammaticalized from a noun into the manner adverb"Jiayi"meaning"deliberately and consciously(to do something)".When modifying the verbal component,it is often accompanied by the obvious adverbial mark"de(land)".In the process of adverbialization of the partial pseudo-phrase"Jiayi",the syntactic position and semantic evolution are its important motivations.The reanalysis mechanism and high-frequency use have consolidated the results of lexicalization.