真实性安全性:土遗址保护与遗址公园建设的原则两辨

Authenticity and Safety:The Two Principles in Earthen Heritage Sites Preservation and Site Parks Construction

遗产保护中的真实性并非常识中简单的“真实”概念,它包括遗址本体、内涵、形式、景观、聚落等方面的真实性。遗址的展示应以田野考古学认知的真实性为基础,以内涵的真实展示为核心,合理呈现遗址的核心价值,不能机械地强调“出土现状”“环境现状”,应淡化对景观和形式的过度苛求,适度的“淡妆”也是提升遗址展示效果的有效方式。安全性已成为文化遗产保护的基本认识,遗址的安全不能简单地与“不变”等同,应允许有限的、可逆的改变以换取更全面的保护,在技术层面建立严格、完善的控制机制,从而规避更多的损害。

The concept of authenticity in heritage protection differs from its meaning in a general sense.It involves consideration not only in the heritage site itself,but also in its connotation and forms,the land-scape above it,and the settlements it contained.The display should focus on presenting the connotation and value of the heritage site revealed by field archaeology research,rather than emphasizing solo on the original condition and setting when it was excavated;excessive requirements for the landscape and form of the site should be discouraged.A moderate application of"light makeup"may help to improve the display of the he-ritage site.Safety is a widely accepted principle for heritage preservation.To keep the safety of the heritage site,however,does not mean that the site is"unchangeable".We should allow limited and reversible changes in exchange for more comprehensive protection,and establish strict and perfect control mechanisms at the tech-nical level to avoid further damage.