跨文化视角下的博物馆国际展览类型与评估

Classification and Evaluation of Museums' International Exhibitions from A Cross-Cultural Perspective

按照展览动机,国际展览可以分为文化外交驱动型、博物馆使命宗旨驱动型和经济/市场目标驱动型三种类型。这种分类方式有助于从宏观层面探究国际展览的价值与特征,进而有针对性地评估其影响。服务于文化外交的国际展览,可以利用案例法、媒体分析、观众研究等方法,着重关注其与国家文化外交战略的配合度,及其对国家形象和文化软实力的贡献度。服务于博物馆使命宗旨的国际展览,需要通过展览研究、观众研究及相关人员访谈等方法,考察跨文化语境中展览的组织运作与传播效果。以经济或市场目标为导向的国际展览,则需要引入经济学、管理学、统计学等跨学科方法,综合评估展览对于博物馆、地方及国家的经济贡献。国际展览的评估应树立跨文化评估视角,以展览动机和类型为基础,明确评估目标、内容与方法,进而有针对性且系统地评估国际展览的影响。

According to their motivations,international exhibitions can be divided into three types:diplomacy driven,museum mission driven and economy or market driven.This classification is helpful to understand and evaluate the value and impacts of international exhibitions on a macro level.Taking the meth-ods of case study research,media analysis and audience research,evaluations on diplomacy-driven international exhibitions should consider their coordination with the country's cultural diplomacy agendas,as well as their contribution to the country's international image and cultural soft power.For museum-mission-driven international exhibitions,exhibition and audience research,and interview with relevant staff can help to evaluate their organisation and impacts in cross-cultural communication.The economic impact of international exhibitions on the museum,the local society and the whole country can be evaluated with methods from eco-nomics,management,statistics and other relevant disciplines.The evaluation on international exhibitions should be carried out with a cross-cultural perspective.The goals,contents and methods for evaluation should be decided according to the motivation and classifications of international exhibitions.