包头市老年跌倒致伤人群流行病学特征及影响因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of tumbling injuries among the elderly in Baotou City

目的了解包头市老年人群跌倒致伤的流行病学特征,并分析其影响因素。方法选择包头市4256名老年人为调查研究对象,采用《老年跌倒致伤问卷调查表》进行调查,分析2013—2017年老年跌倒致伤发生情况及影响因素。结果4256名调查对象中,发生跌倒致伤546例,发生率12.83%。2013—2017年,老年跌倒致伤发生率呈逐年上升的趋势(χ2趋势=8.654,P<0.01)。老年跌倒致伤多发生于冬季(28.57%)、家中(59.89%),伤害部位以下肢(35.09%)和头颈面部(34.43%)为主,骨折(37.94%)、血肿/瘀伤(34.21%)为其主要表现形式;女性在家中跌倒和骨折的发生率分别为68.13%和39.04%,均高于男性,差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.332和11.622,P均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,老年跌倒致伤与年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、合并慢性疾病、体育活动和经济状况相关(OR=3.452、1.654、2.365、2.245、2.154和1.425)。结论包头市老年跌倒致伤发生率较高,受多种危险因素影响。应加强对老年跌倒危险因素的综合评估,建立有效的防范措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and related influencing factors of injuries induced by falls among the elderly in Baotou.Methods A total of 4256 elderly people from Baotou were enrolled and investigated by the questionnaire of tumbling injuries among the elderly.The incidence of tumbling injuries among this population from 2013 to 2017 and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results Among 4256 subjects,546 cases injured induced by falls with the incidence rate of 12.83%.From 2013 to 2017,the incidence of tumbling injuries showed an increasing trend year by year(χ2trend=8.654,P<0.01).Elderly falls mostly occurred in winter(28.57%)and at home(59.89%).The injured sites mainly included lower limbs(35.09%)and head/neck(34.43%),and fractures(37.94%)and hematoma/scars(34.21%)were the main clinical manifestations.The incidence rates of falls at home and fractures in females were 68.13%and 39.04%,respectively,which were both significantly higher than those in males(χ2=15.332 and 11.622,P both<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tumbling injuries in the elderly were significantly correlated with age,marital status,education level,combined chronic diseases,physical activity and economic status(OR=3.425,1.654,2.365,2.245,2.154 and 1.425).Conclusions The incidence of tumble-induced injuries among old people in Baotou is high and is influenced by many risk factors.Comprehensive assessment about the risk factors of falls in the elderly should be strengthened,so as to establish effective preventive measures.